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The Frisian languages ( / ˈfriːʒən / FREE-zhən [1] or / ˈfrɪziən / FRIZ-ee-ən [2]) are a closely related group of West Germanic languages, spoken by about 400,000 Frisian people, who live on the southern fringes of the North Sea in the Netherlands and Germany.
North Sea Germanic, also known as Ingvaeonic ( / ˌɪŋviːˈɒnɪk / ING-vee-ON-ik ), [2] is a postulated grouping of the northern West Germanic languages that consists of Old Frisian, Old English, and Old Saxon, and their descendants. Ingvaeonic is named after the Ingaevones, a West Germanic cultural group or proto-tribe along the North Sea ...
East Germanic †. Elbe Germanic, also called Irminonic or Erminonic, [2] is a term introduced by the German linguist Friedrich Maurer (1898–1984) in his book, Nordgermanen und Alemanen, to describe the unattested proto-language, or dialectal grouping, ancestral to the later Lombardic, Alemannic, Bavarian and Thuringian dialects.
Gothic is an extinct East Germanic language that was spoken by the Goths. It is known primarily from the Codex Argenteus, a 6th-century copy of a 4th-century Bible translation, and is the only East Germanic language with a sizeable text corpus.
Frankish ( reconstructed endonym: * Frenkisk ), [6] [7] also known as Old Franconian or Old Frankish, was the West Germanic language spoken by the Franks from the 5th to 9th century. After the Salian Franks settled in Roman Gaul (roughly, present-day France ), its speakers in Picardy and Île-de-France were outnumbered by the local populace who ...
A língua protogermânica é descendente do protoindo-europeu, surgindo há no máximo a 2500 anos atrás, por volta de 500 a.C.. [ 3] Não é possível ter certeza de que modo o protogermânico se originou, pois apenas seus descendentes são documentados, mas pode-se aplicar o desenvolvimento do latim como um modelo para entendermos melhor o ...
Old Norse, Old Nordic, [1] or Old Scandinavian is a stage of development of North Germanic dialects before their final divergence into separate Nordic languages. Old Norse was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and their overseas settlements and chronologically coincides with the Viking Age, the Christianization of Scandinavia and the ...
