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Hermann Gunkel (23 May 1862 – 11 March 1932), a German Old Testament scholar, founded form criticism. He also became a leading representative of the history of religions school. His major works cover Genesis and the Psalms, and his major interests centered on the oral tradition behind written sources and in folklore.
- Biblical historical criticism
Hermann Gunkel (born May 23, 1862, Springe, Hannover [Ger.]—died March 11, 1932, Halle) was a German Old Testament scholar who was one of the first to develop the method of biblical criticism known as form criticism. Educated at the University of Göttingen, Gunkel taught there and at Halle, Berlin, and Giessen.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Trabalhando com estes critérios, Gunkel isolou um número de gêneros diferentes ou tipos de salmos. No seu primeiro trabalho ele destacou quatro tipos primários de salmos (hinos, lamentos comunitários, salmos de ação de graças individuais, e lamentos individuais), com várias subcategorias, assim como várias formas mistas.
Dentre os estudiosos da Bíblia Hebraica, Hermann Gunkel pode ser elegido como o primeiro indivíduo a estudar o texto bíblico à luz de seus gêneros literários – ao menos de uma perspectiva acadêmica.
Em 1895, o erudito alemão Hermann Gunkel (2006) publicou seu estudo do relato da criação em Gênesis 1, comparando-o com o mito babilônico Enuma Elish. Ele defendeu que o relato bíblico era derivado dessa narrativa, e isso abriu espaço para uma corrente de estudos acerca da narrativa bíblica das origens. Sua tese principal a era
Hermann Gunkel. (1862—1932) Quick Reference. (1862–1932) Professor of OT in Berlin and Halle, who was the first to take seriously other Near Eastern religious traditions outside the Hebrew scriptures and who pioneered Form Criticism in OT studies. From: Gunkel, Hermann in A Dictionary of the Bible » Subjects: Religion. Reference entries.
The Psalms: A Form-critical Introduction. Hermann Gunkel. Fortress Press, 1967 - Religion - 52 pages. With an introd. by James Muilenburg. Translated by Thomas M. Horner.
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