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College campuses have been hit by a spike in tension over last month’s terror attacks against Israel and the ongoing Israel-Hamas war.

The University of Pennsylvania recently alerted the FBI to a series of threatening antisemitic emails sent to the Ivy League school’s staff. Earlier this week, “vile” antisemitic messages were projected onto several University of Pennsylvania campus buildings.

“Penn has allowed its campus to become a hostile environment for its Jewish students as well as a magnet for anti-Semites,” the Brandeis complaint said, referring to the larger community surrounding the university.

The 27-page complaint alleges “Penn’s nurturing of a hostile environment toward Jewish students is a patent violation of” Title VI. It cited the recent antisemitic threats at UPenn as well as the Palestine Writes Festival, a multi-day event on campus at UPenn in September that has been the focal point of a backlash among wealthy donors.

Liz Magill, the school’s president, condemned antisemitism broadly before that festival and noted that some speakers had a history of making antisemitic remarks.

Facing calls for donors for her to step down, Magill announced an action plan on November 1 designed to fight antisemitism at UPenn.

The Brandeis complaint about Wellesley cited an email that a residential advisor (RA) at a school dormitory sent that allegedly said “there should be no space, no consideration, and no support for Zionism within the Wellesley College community.”

CNN has not independently confirmed that allegation.

Wellesley President Paula Johnson wrote in a message to the college community last month that it recently came to her attention that a “small number of student residence hall leaders from one dormitory sent a letter to their housemates in their capacity as resident assistants that expressed views on the Israel-Hamas conflict.”

Johnson said Wellesley’s student life team met with the students and “talked about their role and responsibility to support all students,” adding that the RAs sent an apology to all students.

The Brandeis complaint argued Wellesley’s “failure to take a stronger stance and check the hostile environment” violates Title VI.

“This is an exceedingly challenging time on college campuses,” Johnson said. “The terrorist attacks by Hamas, the ensuing Israel-Hamas war in Gaza, and the tremendous loss of Israeli and Palestinian civilian lives have inflamed passions and sparked fierce debates around the world that go far beyond the politics and history of the region.”

Meanwhile, the backlash among wealthy donors from some Ivy League schools continues.

Billionaire Henry Swieca recently stepped down from the board of trustee at Columbia Business School, the university confirmed to CNN on Friday. Swieca, a Wall Street veteran, reportedly resigned in protest to how Columbia has responded to antisemitism.

“Columbia Business School received a letter from Henry Swieca on October 30 announcing his resignation from the Board, and the administration thanks him for his service to the School,” a Columbia spokesperson said in a statement.

Swieca did not respond to a request for comment.