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Na mitologia grega, Fedra (do grego φαιδρός (phaidros), "brilhante") é a filha de Minos (rei de Creta) e Pasífae (filha de Hélio), uma oráculo bastante conhecida, irmã de Ariadne, Deucalião e Catreu. [1]
Fedora Linux is a free and open source operating system that offers various editions for different purposes and platforms. Whether you need a desktop, server, IoT, cloud, or container OS, you can find it here and join the Fedora community.
Fedra era a esposa de Teseu que se apaixonou por Hipólito, filho ilegítimo do marido, e tentou vingar-se da rejeição. Saiba mais sobre essa história antiga, as suas versões e as suas consequências.
- Overview
- History
- Equipment
- Strength
- Known members
The Federal Disaster Response Agency (FEDRA or F.E.D.R.A.), colloquially known as the military or army, is an antagonistic faction featured in The Last of Us and The Last of Us Part II.
FEDRA was a government agency in the United States, tasked with responding to disasters and managing emergencies. After the initial Cordyceps brain infection (CBI) outbreak, FEDRA seized control of the U.S. government and armed forces in order to set up the quarantine zones (QZs). Becoming amalgamated with one another in the process, they imposed martial law and dissolved the other organs of state. In the QZs, soldiers prevented citizens from leaving the city, subjected them to forced labor, and when supplies were low, restricted basic food rations. They often executed dissidents and criminals, or expelled them from the QZ. The Washington Liberation Front compared FEDRA soldiers to fascists.
Early outbreak and taking control
Following the outbreak of Cordyceps brain infection (CBI) in September 2013, the Federal Disaster Response Agency, deployed across the country, working alongside with regular military forces and law enforcement, attempted to contain it. When Joel, Tommy, and Sarah attempted to escape the infection, they witnessed the military setting up roadblocks along the highways, which caused a large traffic jam. They also saw military helicopters flying over their heads. It is known that in Austin, Texas and other major cities, they were resorting to extreme measures to prevent the spread of the infection, such as summarily executing American citizens. An example of this was seen when a FEDRA soldier shot and killed Sarah. The pre-outbreak U.S. government was often at odds with FEDRA when it came to handling the infection. Shortly after a leaked report from the World Health Organization revealed that the latest Cordyceps vaccination tests had failed, a U.S. general affiliated with FEDRA announced on television that the government "bureaucrats" had been removed from power, and that they could finally take the necessary steps to "protect" the United States. FEDRA went about this by declaring martial law and setting up quarantine zones in urban centers. The Department of Defense, as well some officials from the Department of Justice (such as Attorney General Arthur Munroe), worked closely with FEDRA during the initial outbreak. However, most other branches of government were indefinitely suspended. A notable exception was the Center for Disease Control, which was retained to study Cordyceps. To contain the fungus, FEDRA had the military move all uninfected civilians into large quarantine zones (QZs) within major cities such as Boston, Pittsburgh and Seattle. The number of entrants was limited - in Pittsburgh, civilians were murdered en-masse by FEDRA to prevent the QZ from overcrowding. FEDRA then had the U.S. Air Force carpet bomb the surrounding areas of some of the QZs, most notably the downtown area of Boston, to kill as many of the infected as possible, while also creating buffer zones. To ensure the containment functioned smoothly, FEDRA developed their own Mycotoxin Containment Protocols, which had at least four levels of severity. At the most severe stage, Level 4, evacuees would be tested for infection, sanitized and their bags inspected before being split into different groups, with each group going to a different permanent quarantine zone. Preventing the infection's spread was paramount, heightened after the World Health Organization reported that the CBI had killed or infected at least 60% of the nation's population by the early 2010s. FEDRA established their own central command headquarters, colloquially referred to as "CENTCOM", independent from the QZs. To ensure they maintained connection with their units in the QZs, FEDRA created numerous outposts, using radios to communicate reports between QZs and their headquarters. Lt. Carmelo Torres worked closely with FEDRA captain Paul Douglas, keeping in regular correspondence with him to coordinate FEDRA authority over the Seattle QZ. FEDRA also worked with the CDC to produce various fliers and informative documents, ranging from informing civilians of wanted criminals, to infographics about the stages of infected. FEDRA had the military fortify the zones with extreme levels of security. They placed soldiers and checkpoints at numerous points throughout the cities and created 30-foot-high concrete walls with guard towers and searchlights. The soldiers would often patrol the surrounding area to contain any citizens trying to escape or sneak into the zone and would pursue escapees several hundred meters from the zone's walls. FEDRA also drafted civilians to perform work duties both inside and outside the quarantine zone, on a bi-yearly basis. Civilians residing within quarantine zones could also join the military to bolster their numbers. Records of FEDRA members were subsequently kept in their headquarters. FEDRA also maintained military boarding schools, where children were trained to become soldiers. FEDRA also worked in the early weeks of the outbreak to secure certain medical facilities. At the Seattle general hospital it is insinuated that the hospital contained critical research regarding the CBI outbreak, as FEDRA had sacrificed a significant amount of their soldiers to retrieve files contained in the overrun lower levels of the facility. FEDRA also dispatched troops to deal with nests of infected in buildings surrounding the hospital. Avery's patrol (containing Seb, Victor, Irina and Mali) was sent to the Hotel BlacRay to clear the infected present by planting explosives. However, their efforts failed, leading to the hotel surviving the blast but trapping the soldiers inside with the infected. Stalkers eventually killed the soldiers. As the years passed, the U.S. Attorney General, Arthur Munroe, made it clear that the military would be lowering their search radius to only ten miles from the QZs. This meant civilians in towns, universities, and the countryside were left to fend for themselves against the infected. Several citizens expressed outrage at the military not maintaining efforts to find survivors, noting failure to do so doomed those people to become infected, starve to death or turn on one another to survive. By the mid-2010s, FEDRA had consolidated control of all major cities in the United States and converted them all into QZs. FEDRA initially allowed civilians living in the various QZs to write letters to inhabitants of other QZs that were delivered between them, even delivering them between zones over a period of two weeks. However, FEDRA soon used the military's might to transform the zones into individual police states, exercising absolute power over the zones (including killing civilians). Their growing tyranny prompted Marlene to create the Fireflies, a militia group dedicated to defeating FEDRA, restoring the pre-outbreak government and finding a cure for the disease.
Resisting dissident groups and losing power
During FEDRA's control over the quarantine zones, anger grew towards the military and their rule over America's people living in the cities. The first known dissident faction was the Fireflies, a group founded shortly after Los Angeles was placed under martial law in the 2010s. The group called for the return of all branches of government and staged several attacks against the military. Anti-FEDRA sentiments began to appear throughout contiguous America after the military executed at least six Firefly members. Alongside this, a conspiracy theory grew among people in the quarantine zones that FEDRA were hoarding rations for themselves rather than feeding the civilians. In time, large numbers of civilians in numerous quarantine zones came to believe in the Fireflies' idea of living under their own rule rather than that of the military's. By the 2020s, numerous QZs fell into civil war between the citizens and FEDRA's soldiers, ranging from protests and riots in Pittsburgh to outright warfare in Seattle. The Fireflies assisted in these uprisings, especially in Pittsburgh. The military fought hard to keep control of the zone, deciding to publicly execute three people they branded as traitors to the peace. This action only furthered Firefly support, with an alliance forming between them and the city's residents. Large-scale fighting broke out over the next fourteen months, ending with Captain Mastros calling for his soldiers to abandon the zone, and the rebels lynching any soldiers they captured. They even captured and burned Mastros and his squad to death. The rioting citizens did not want to be controlled by FEDRA, nor take orders from the Fireflies. Thus, it wasn't long before they killed the Firefly agitators as well. They later found and killed the soldiers hiding out in the city's hotel and secured a working Humvee from a fleeing military garrison, meaning the city was now completely under their control. Meanwhile in Seattle, FEDRA rule faced challenge from a terrorist group known as the Washington Liberation Front, a group of dissident residents enraged by the expulsions, food shortages, and executions the military conducted under Lt. Torres and Sgt. Ward's rule. While FEDRA had worked well in collaborating with civilians in the zone, even receiving help from Boris Legasov in combating the infected around the Hillcrest community, the WLF represented the wing of civilians against military rule. The WLF's leaders Emma and Jason Patterson conducted an anti-FEDRA campaign, distributing anti-FEDRA propaganda, stealing the military's supplies and inciting sedition among the Seattle residents. Eventually, the military eliminated the Pattersons, along with most of the other WLF leaders, leaving Isaac Dixon as the last remaining original instigator of the rebellion. In retaliation, Isaac killed three soldiers to avenge the Pattersons. While several citizens were morally against Isaac's actions, the remaining WLF members voted him as their new leader. Over the coming weeks, the WLF attacked military checkpoints, assaulted convoys, and committed open armed conflict against the military. Some Seattle residents were known to break away from the WLF and collaborate with FEDRA for their own benefits and privileges. In one such incident, Jiao tipped off an anti-WLF action that Mei and Bo were planning with an illegal shipment of goods. As such, the WLF instituted a zero-tolerance policy towards any WLF members who collaborated with FEDRA in any way. To counter the WLF's growing aggression, Torres ordered the soldiers open fire on any and all WLF protests, including peaceful ones. The order led to the Thursday Market massacre, an event that saw the military's brutal response to the WLF march cause a surge in WLF support and membership among the Seattle residents. The action was particularly controversial as the protesters were campaigning for food for their families and ended the military's propaganda campaign to frame the WLF as a terrorist group filled with murderers; the WLF now became known as the citizens' own freedom fighters. The increased membership led to further success for the WLF, with even FEDRA soldiers defecting to join the militia group. In time, the military gave up on their campaign to defeat the WLF, with Torres ordering Ward to evacuate the military personal from the city along with rabbi Zivah Saunders and their family. Torres penned a note to Paul Douglas at FEDRA Headquarters conceding that the zone was lost. The WLF did not allow the soldiers to leave peacefully though, instead using a tip from a Seattle resident to ambush the soldiers' convoy on the highway, where they slaughtered them in open combat. Torres and Ward's squad managed to escape the battle, but the WLF chased them to the courthouse, where they finished the fight in a final skirmish, successfully killing the military's leadership and officially ending their reign over the city. Within a few months, the WLF successfully captured all of FEDRA's military checkpoints in the city. With that, the WLF had successfully won the war against FEDRA and now controlled the QZ. However, some FEDRA personnel fled into the city's suburbs. Unwilling to let them reintegrate into the city's community, the WLF hunted them down to clear the city of the military completely. They also killed Boris's daughter Sofia Legasov in Hillcrest. A portion of the military force assigned to Seattle managed to pull out successfully. Notably, Perez, Green, Adams and an unnamed soldier succeeded in escaping the WLF's slaughter and hid out at a radio outpost in the city for several days. The Fireflies continued their efforts to disrupt FEDRA's rule throughout the country as well. In Denver, Tommy Miller and Eugene Linden's Firefly cell waged war against the military in the city, regularly bombing checkpoints. The pair even tortured a FEDRA general while stationed there. The Fireflies successfully defeated the FEDRA soldiers in Salt Lake City, converting the local hospital into their primary base by the early 2030s.
Late outbreak and remnants of control
By 2033, according to Joel, FEDRA had lost control over many quarantine zones, and hunter rule was the norm in those areas. Hartford is falling apart, leaving Boston as the only known fully operational QZ. Many of the residents circumvented the military's strict rule through their smuggling trade, from land and sea. At least an entire battalion was stationed here, under the command of a general, and the majority of soldiers still possessed high-grade weapons like assault rifles and .50 caliber MG-mounted Humvees. Despite this, many soldiers only carry a sidearm rather than a primary weapon, and some weapons that would have been antiquated in the U.S. military by 2013, such as revolvers, have been brought back into service. The military also did not control the mall within the zone and were running low on supplies by July that year. Soldiers talked about the prospect of riots breaking out. Still, they had been largely successful during their summertime crackdown on the Firefly presence in the city. Much like the other QZs, Boston was plagued with starving citizens, rigid work duties and strict curfews on all residents. The military used barriers to prevent anyone from leaving without permission or entering certain areas in the city. There were regular checkpoints throughout these zones where civilians were required to present identification papers, such as a quarantine passport. There were also random infection checks, with the military killing infected people immediately via lethal injection or outright shooting them. Like in Seattle and Pittsburgh, people here believed the soldiers were hoarding food for themselves. Citizens also had to assist the military in work duties, such as fortifying the wall. While doing so, they had to wear yellow suits crafted in a similar fashion to the military's uniforms, except these clearly denoted their ranks as civilian workers rather than soldiers. In contrast, the soldier's blue uniforms had the word "ARMY" on their chest patches, as well as on FEDRA-owned doors and devices. Citizens who refused had their ration cards revoked and were placed in solitary confinement, punishments which the people heavily disparaged. Regardless, many outside the Boston QZ believed living within the walls under military rule was a safer life than those living outside the zone. Further, complaints against FEDRA were low enough that the soldiers did not bother to arrest people for petty sedition, despite it being a crime according to FEDRA in former QZs. Indeed, the thriving smuggling market of food, guns and drugs appeared to placate Boston's residents enough to not rebel openly to FEDRA rule. The only openly active resistance to FEDRA rule came from Marlene and the Fireflies living in the zone, who bombed checkpoints daily and got into numerous skirmishes with the military throughout the city. However, by the summer of 2033, the military had clamped down on the Firefly insurgents, leading Marlene to order her troops to withdraw from the city, meaning the military's rule over Boston uniquely survived militia rebellion for control. However, the smugglers within the city learned that supplies were running out, meaning the chance of civilians rebelling against the military's rule within the zone was increasing. The military did recently control Hartford but that too fell to rule by hunters because of food shortages. Some citizens from Hartford were trying to sneak into the Boston QZ. Sergeant Winston Asher encountered them and killed the ones that were infected. He wrote to his superior Major Banks regarding the incident, asking for more patrols, but did not expect the officer to reply as he felt Banks was incompetent and the military were running low on supplies at the time.
Hand-held equipment
FEDRA soldiers use assault rifles with mounted flashlights and wear gas masks and body armor, but clearly do not have enough to spare for every soldier to use. Thus, many soldiers go without adequate protection, and/or are forced to use 9mm pistols as their primary weapons. Some soldiers even use revolvers. They also use smoke grenades when facing Firefly militia. Their uniforms have changed completely; they now wear blue uniforms (possibly the Operational Dress Uniform). Their old uniforms were likely replaced due to deterioration over the course of 20 years, and the military's limited industrial capacity made it easier for them to produce plain blue uniforms rather than camouflage; possibly since the latter would need to be produced in greater quantities, due to requiring forest, urban, winterized versions and so forth. In addition to their standard uniforms, some soldiers wear ballistic vests and police-style riot helmets. These riot helmets are likely used to protect the face from attacks by hostile survivors and infected, although they are shown to function in the capacity of a combat helmet as well, being capable of saving the wearer from a headshot with a firearm. Handheld scanners have been developed, which allow troops to easily test individuals for infection. They are very accurate, one correctly identifying Ellie as infected within seconds. During the initial outbreak, a soldier is seen wearing a uniform with woodland camouflage commonly seen as part of a MOPP Suit worn by soldiers during chemical warfare. Coupled with the gas mask, this implies that the government believed (not incorrectly) that the disease could have been airborne or spread by physical contact, explaining the high amounts of protection.
Types of soldiers
In The Last of Us, there are three types of FEDRA soldiers that are encountered. Some soldiers are armored and often wield assault rifles more than pistols. They patrol on top of buildings and guard checkpoints, as well as being the primary troops who conduct operations outside the safety of the wall, such as patrols or supply runs. These appear to be the "regulars" of the military. Other, non-armored troops are seen to only have blue uniforms and field caps, carrying pistols more than assault rifles. These lightly-equipped soldiers are mostly encountered inside of the Boston wall, so it can be assumed that they are recruits or some form of city defense force. Although their jobs appear to be centered more on policing than combat, they are encountered in the same squads as heavier troops in some situations. Another type of soldier is also seen just once, who cannot be fought. They carry assault rifles and wear HAZMAT suits, gas masks, and oxygen tanks. They deal with environments that are contaminated by spores, such as the condemned apartment building where civilians are hiding during the beginning of the game. Their equipment appears to offer enhanced protection from spores over just having a respirator; their oxygen tanks suggest that they can operate in spore-contaminated zones for longer periods of time than other troops. There were also medical squads within the military, seen in Left Behind. For instance, a squad of soldiers from the Denver QZ wore green uniforms similar to the non-armored soldiers in Boston, with the notable distinction of having a Red Cross arm band on their right arms. They lacked bulletproof vests but typically carried surgical supplies with them.
Vehicles
FEDRA's soldiers still use M939s along with Humvees and mounted .50 caliber machine guns and loudspeakers. A wrecked M35 truck was also seen in Lincoln, appearing to be a short-body variant. Several long-abandoned ones were seen scattered across the country, and the Fireflies once used of some at the University of Eastern Colorado. Two burned-out M2 Bradley IFVs were seen in Pittsburgh. Another long-abandoned one was seen in the FEDRA camp in Salt Lake City. Bill's dialogue suggests that they scavenge fuel from abandoned vehicles. It is interesting to note that no operational aircraft are seen post-outbreak, although Tess explains after leaving the Boston quarantine zone that the military carpet-bombed the city around the QZ to create a buffer zone and kill as many of the infected as possible. A crashed military helicopter, possibly a UH-60 Blackhawk, appeared in the Colorado Mountain Plaza, indicating that there is still a handful in use.
FEDRA's military units are the strongest faction the player encounters, rivaled only by elite members of the Fireflies, as they still have access to assault rifles, body armor, and Humvees despite being fought at such an early stage. The military's strength is so strong that the Fireflies actions to defeat them have proved mostly futile, with the military resisting many terrorist attacks on checkpoints and rioting in various cities throughout post-apocalyptic America.
However, the hunters and Fireflies combined forces were enough to defeat the military in cities like Pittsburgh, greater numbers contesting the military's training and resources. The Washington Liberation Front was also able to defeat the military garrison stationed in Seattle, even after suffering heavy casualties due to a string of successful military counter-insurgency operations. Regardless, lone survivors typically struggle.
The player is unable to combat them when first encountering them in Boston. Attempting to attack or bump into the soldiers there causes them to shove the player back and give a warning. Bumping into the same guard again will make them knock the player down and fire a shot into their head instantly killing the player. Later, when in the outskirts, engaging them in a firefight is ill-advised because the player lacks powerful guns and ammunition. As such, stealth killing or simply sneaking past them is preferable. However, if faced in smaller or weaker numbers (like in the Capitol building or the abandoned subway station underneath it) the player could face them head-on then since they only use pistols rather than assault rifles.
Of the groups shown to face infected, the military has actually lost a lot of their soldiers despite being the best-trained and equipped faction left. The squad that encountered infected in downtown Boston were overrun, many becoming infected or being killed. Avery's squad in Seattle, that encountered a group of stalkers, met a similar fate. A heavily armed squad sent to retrieve data research about the infected from the Seattle hospital were also all slaughtered by the infected living there. A mounted patrol was also overrun, crashing into Lincoln high school. Even a four-man unit lost two men when facing just one runner. However, there was one account where a soldier defeated three runners by himself, without being bitten.
•Adams
•Private Atwater (deceased)
•Avery (deceased)
•Major Banks
•Benny (deceased)
•Lieutenant Carmelo Torres (deceased)
24 de jan. de 2023 · Quem são os Vagalumes e Fedra em The Last of Us? Desde o 1º capítulo da série da HBO Max, é revelado que a FEDRA é um grupo militar que mantém um controle rígido nas zonas de quarentena, a fim de evitar novas infecções pelo fungo Cordyceps.
3 de fev. de 2021 · Fedra é, portanto, uma tragédia que gradualmente se desenvolve a partir de um momento inicial irreversível. Nesse sentido, podemos caracterizá-la como uma tragédia do destino. Para desenvolver esse drama, Racine utiliza todas as nuances da paleta dos sentimentos.
Fedra, cujo nome significa "brilhante", era filha de Pasífae e de Minos e irmã de Deucalião e Ariadne. Apaixonou-se pelo enteado Hipólito, filho do seu marido, o rei ateniense Teseu com a amazona Hipólita (ou Antíopa ou Melanipe), tendo esta paixão sido provocada por Afrodite , como vingança por Hipólito cultuar a deusa Artemisa .
