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28 de jul. de 2020 · História. Quem foi Ella Baker, a “mãe” do movimento por direitos civis. Suas ideias sobre liderança foram cruciais para a organização de protestos por justiça, apoiando e encabeçando diversas manifestações contra a segregação racial. 2 min de leitura. Marília Marasciulo. 28 Jul 2020 - 11h46 Atualizado em 28 Jul 2020 - 11h46.
- Ella Baker, a “mãe” do movimento por direitos civis
Ella Baker, a “mãe” do movimento por direitos civis. Suas...
- Ella Baker, a “mãe” do movimento por direitos civis
- Early Life
- Early Activism
- Civil Rights Movement
- Later Years
- Thought
- Legacy
- See Also
- References
- Further Reading
- External Links
Ella Josephine Baker was born on December 13, 1903, in Norfolk, Virginia, to Georgiana (called Anna) and Blake Baker, and first raised there. She was the second of three surviving children, bracketed by her older brother Blake Curtis and younger sister Maggie. Her father worked on a steamship line that sailed out of Norfolk, and so was often away. ...
First efforts
Baker worked as editorial assistant at the Negro National News. In 1930, George Schuyler, a black journalist and anarchist (and later an arch-conservative), founded the Young Negroes Cooperative League (YNCL). It sought to develop black economic power through collective networks. They conducted "conferences and trainings in the 1930s in their attempt to create a small, interlocking system of cooperative economic societies throughout the US" for black economic development.Having befriended Sch...
NAACP
In 1938 Baker began her long association with the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), then based in New York City. In December 1940 she started work there as a secretary. She traveled widely for the organization, especially in the South, recruiting members, raising money, and organizing local chapters. She was named director of branches in 1943,and became the NAACP's highest-ranking woman. An outspoken woman, Baker believed in egalitarian ideals. She pushed the...
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
In January 1957, Baker went to Atlanta to attend a conference aimed at developing a new regional organization to build on the success of the Montgomery bus boycott in Alabama. After a second conference in February, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) was formed. This was planned as a loosely structured coalition of church-based leaders who were engaged in civil rights struggles across the South.The group wanted to emphasize the use of nonviolent actions to bring about social p...
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
That same year, 1960, on the heels of regional desegregation sit-ins led by black college students, Baker persuaded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference to invite southern university students to the Southwide Youth Leadership Conference at Shaw University on Easter weekend. This was a gathering of sit-in leaders to meet, assess their struggles, and explore the possibilities for future actions. At this meeting, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee(SNCC, pronounced "snick") was...
Southern Conference Education Fund
From 1962 to 1967, Baker worked as the staff of the Southern Conference Education Fund (SCEF). Its goal was to help black and white people work together for social justice; the interracial desegregation and human rights group was based in the South. SCEF raised funds for black activists, lobbied for implementation of President John F. Kennedy's civil rights proposals, and tried to educate southern whites about the evils of racism. Federal civil rights legislation was passed by Congress and si...
Final efforts
In 1967 Baker returned to New York City, where she continued her activism. She later collaborated with Arthur Kinoy and others to form the Mass Party Organizing Committee, a socialist organization.[citation needed] In 1972 she traveled the country in support of the "Free Angela" campaign, demanding the release of activist and writer Angela Davis, who had been imprisoned on charges of kidnapping and murder in the Marin County Civic Center attacks.[citation needed]Davis was eventually acquitted...
In the 1960s, the idea of "participatory democracy" became popular among political activists, including those in the Civil Rights Movement. It took the traditional appeal of democracyand added direct citizen participation. The new movement had three primary emphases: 1. An appeal for grassroots involvement of people throughout society, while making...
Representation in media
1. Portrayed by Audra McDonald in the 2023 film Rustin. 2. The 1981 documentary Fundi: The Story of Ella Baker, directed by Joanne Grant, explored Baker's important role in the civil rights movement. 3. Bernice Johnson Reagon wrote "Ella's Song", in Baker's honor, for Fundi. 4. Several biographies have been written of Baker, including Barbara Ransby's Ella Baker and the Black Freedom Movement: A Radical Democratic Vision (2003), published by the University of North Carolina Press.Ransby is a...
Honors
1. In 1984, Baker received a Candace Award from the National Coalition of 100 Black Women. 2. Her papers are held by the New York Public Library. 3. In 1994, Baker was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame. 4. In 1996, the Ella Baker Center for Human Rights, a nonprofit strategy and action center based in Oakland, California, was founded and named for her. 5. The Ella Baker School in the Julia Richman Education Complexin New York City was founded in 1996. 6. In 2003, The Ella Jo Bak...
S. G. O'Malley, "Baker, Ella Josephine", American National Biography Online(2000).G. J. Barker Benfield and Catherine Clinton, eds., Portraits of American Women(1991).Ellen Cantarow and Susan O'Malley, Moving the Mountain: Women Working for Social Change(1980).Joanne Grant, Ella Baker: Freedom Bound(John Wiley & Sons, 1998).Inouye, M. (2021). "Starting with People Where They Are: Ella Baker’s Theory of Political Organizing". American Political Science ReviewMoye, J. Todd (2013). Ella Baker: Community Organizer of the Civil Rights Movement. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 9781442215665.- Ella Josephine Baker, December 13, 1903, Norfolk, Virginia, U.S.
SNCC (1960-1966) Ella Josephine Baker ( Norfolk, 13 de dezembro de 1903 - Nova Iorque, 13 de dezembro de 1986) foi uma ativista dos direitos civis e humanos dos afro-americanos.
- Ella Josephine Baker
- Mãe: Georgiana Baker, Pai: Blake Baker
The Ella Baker Center for Human Rights is named after a brilliant, Black hero of the civil rights Freedom Movement who inspired and guided emerging leaders. We build on her legacy by building the power of black, brown, and poor people to create solutions for one of the biggest drivers of injustice today: mass incarceration.
29 de jul. de 2020 · Ella Baker, a “mãe” do movimento por direitos civis (Foto: Wikimedia Commons/Reprodução) Dizem que “por trás de um grande homem, existe sempre uma mulher”. No caso do movimento por direitos civis da década de 1960 nos Estados Unidos, liderado pelo pastor Martin Luther King Jr., essa mulher era Ella Josephine Baker.
Há 3 dias · Ella Baker, American community organizer and political activist who brought her skills and principles to bear in the major civil rights organizations of the mid-20th century. She notably helped form the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Learn more about Baker’s life and work.
