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Cristiano IX (Eslésvico, 8 de abril de 1818 – Copenhague, 29 de janeiro de 1906), nascido príncipe Cristiano de Eslésvico-Holsácia-Sonderburgo-Glucksburgo, foi o Rei da Dinamarca de 1863 até 1906.
Os descendentes reais de Vitória do Reino Unido (1819–1901) e Cristiano IX da Dinamarca (1818–1906) são numerosos e pertencem à mais diversas casas reais do continente europeu, a maior parte deles ocupando atualmente os tronos de Bélgica, Dinamarca, Espanha, Luxemburgo, Noruega, Reino Unido e Suécia.
- Early Life
- Becoming The Heir-Presumptive
- Early Reign
- Later Reign
- Legacy
- Titles, Styles, Honours, and Arms
- External Links
Birth and family
Christian IX was born between 10 and 11 a.m. on 8 April 1818 at the residence of his maternal grandparents, Gottorf Castle, near the town of Schleswig in the Duchy of Schleswig, at the time a fief under the Crown of Denmark. Born as a prince of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck, he was the fourth son of Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck, and Princess Louise Caroline of Hesse-Kassel. He was named after his mother's cousin Prince Christian Frederick of Denmark, the...
Childhood
Initially, the young prince grew up with his parents and many brothers and sisters at his maternal grandparents' residence at Gottorf Castle, the habitual seat of the royal governors of the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein. However, in 1824, the dowager duchess of Glücksburg, widow of Frederick Henry William, the last duke of the elder line of the house Schleswig-Holstein-Sønderborg-Glücksburg, who had himself died in 1779, died. Glücksburg Castle, located a little south of Flensburg Fjord,...
Education
Following the early death of his father, King Frederick VI, together with Prince William of Hesse-Philippstal-Barchfeld, a close friend of the Duke, became legal guardians of Prince Christian and his nine siblings. That same year, Prince Christian wanted to be educated as a naval officer, but during King Frederick VI's visit to Gottorp in 1831, shortly after Duke Wilhelm's funeral, the king agreed with his mother that Prince Christian would be sent to Copenhagen to receive an army officer tra...
Marriage
As a young man, in 1838, Prince Christian, representing Frederick VI, attended the coronation of Queen Victoria at Westminster Abbey. During his stay in London, he unsuccessfully sought the hand of the young British queen in marriage. Even though she chose to follow her family's wishes and preferred to marry her cousin, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, the young queen had a good impression of her third cousin Prince Christian, who 25 years later would become father-in-law to her eldest...
The Danish succession crisis
In the 1840s, it became increasingly clear that the Danish monarchy was facing a succession crisis. When King Christian VIII succeeded his first cousin King Frederick VI in 1839, the elder male line of the House of Oldenburg was obviously on the point of extinction, as the king's only son and heir-apparent Crown Prince Frederick seemed incapable of fathering children and the king's only brother Prince Ferdinand's marriage to King Frederick VI's daughter was childless. King Frederick VII's chi...
Appointment as an heir-presumptive
In 1851, the Russian emperor recommended that Prince Christian advance in the Danish succession. And in 1852, the thorny question of Denmark's succession was finally resolved by the London Protocol of 8 May 1852, signed by the United Kingdom, France, Russia, Prussia and Austria, and ratified by Denmark and Sweden. Christian was chosen as heir presumptive to the throne after Frederick VII's uncle, and thus would become king after the extinction of the most senior line to the Danish throne. A j...
Accession
During the last years of the reign of King Frederick VII, his health was increasingly poor, and in the autumn of 1863, during a visit to the Dannevirke fortification, he contracted a severe cold, which after his return to Glücksburg Castle turned into erysipelas. Shortly after, on 15 November, King Frederick VII died unexpectedly at the age of 55 after a sixteen-year reign, thus ending the 415-year reign of the main line of the House of Oldenburg on the Danish throne. Upon the death of Freder...
Second Schleswig War
Under pressure, Christian signed the November Constitution, a treaty that made Schleswig part of Denmark. This resulted in the Second Schleswig War between Denmark and a Prussian/Austrian alliance in 1864. The Peace Conference broke up without having arrived at any conclusion; the outcome of the war was unfavorable to Denmark and led to the incorporation of Schleswig into Prussia in 1865. Holstein was likewise incorporated into Austria in 1865, then Prussia in 1866, following further conflict...
Constitutional struggle
The defeat of 1864 cast a shadow over Christian IX's rule for many years and his attitude to the Danish case—probably without reason—was claimed to be half-hearted. This unpopularity was worsened as he sought unsuccessfully to prevent the spread of democracy throughout Denmark by supporting the authoritarian and conservative prime minister Estrup, whose rule 1875–94 was by many seen as a semi-dictatorship. However, he signed a treaty in 1874 that allowed Iceland, then a Danish possession, to...
Last years
In spite of the King's initial unpopularity and the many years of political strife, where the king was in conflict with large parts of the population, his popularity recovered towards the end of his reign, and he became a national icon due to the length of his reign and the high standards of personal morality with which he was identified. The celebration of the golden wedding anniversary of King Christian and Queen Louise in 1892 thus became a great and authentic tribute from the people to th...
Death and succession
Queen Louise died at age 81 on 29 September 1898 at Bernstorff Palace near Copenhagen. King Christian IX survived his wife by seven years, and died peacefully of old age, at age 87, on 29 January 1906 at his residence, Christian IX's Palace at Amalienborg Palace in Copenhagen, after a reign of 42 years and 75 days. After lying in state at the chapel at Christiansborg Palace in Copenhagen, he was interred on 16 February 1906 beside Queen Louise in Christian IX's Chapel in Roskilde Cathedral on...
"Father-in-Law of Europe"
Christian's family links with Europe's royal families earned him the sobriquet "the father-in-law of Europe". Four of Christian's children sat on the thrones (either as monarchs or as consorts) of Denmark, Greece, the United Kingdom and Russia. His youngest son, Valdemar, was on 10 November 1886 elected as new Prince of Bulgaria by The 3rd Grand National Assembly of Bulgaria, but Christian IX refused to allow Prince Valdemar to receive the election. The great dynastic success of the six child...
Titles and styles
During his reign, the King's full style was: His Majesty Christian IX, By the Grace of God, King of Denmark, of the Wends and of the Goths, Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Stormarn, Dithmarschen, Lauenburg and Oldenburg.[a]
Honours
King Christian IX Landin Greenland is named after him. National orders and decorations 1. Grand Cross of the Dannebrog, 28 June 1840; Grand Commander in Diamonds, 15 November 1863 2. Knight of the Elephant, 22 June 1843 3. Cross of Honour of the Order of the Dannebrog Foreign orders and decorations Honorary military appointments 1. Honorary General of the Swedish Army, 1872 (Sweden-Norway)
Arms
As Sovereign, Christian IX used the greater (royal) coat of arms of Denmark. The arms were changed in 1903, as Iceland from then was represented by a falcon rather than its traditional stockfish arms.
Christian IX at the website of the Royal Danish Collection at Amalienborg Palace"Christian IX." . Encyclopædia Britannica(11th ed.). 1911.Dados biográficos: Em 1853, com a aprovação das grandes potências da Europa, Christian foi escolhido pelo Rei Frederico VII para ser herdeiro presuntivo ao trono dinamarquês, após a extinção da linha mais antiga, pois o Soberano em função não podia gerar filhos.
O rei Cristiano IX da Dinamarca se tornou uma das raízes das famílias reais e monarquias europeias, inclusive atuais Seus filhos e filhas por meio dos casam...
Christian IX (8 de abril de 1818 - 29 de janeiro de 1906) foi rei da Dinamarca de 15 de novembro de 1863 até sua morte em 1906. De 1863 a 1864, ele foi simultaneamente duque de Schleswig, Holstein e Lauenburg.
Faleceu em 29 de janeiro de 1906 (87 anos) Palácio de Amalienborg, Copenhague, Dinamarca Cova: Catedral de Roskilde: Família
