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Chester Alan Arthur (5 de outubro de 1829 — 18 de novembro de 1886) foi um advogado e político americano que serviu como Presidente dos Estados Unidos de 1881 a 1885. Ele havia sido eleito vice-presidente , sucedendo James A. Garfield após este ter sido assassinado em setembro de 1881.
Chester Alan Arthur (October 5, 1829 [b] – November 18, 1886) was an American politician who served as the 21st president of the United States from 1881 to 1885. He was a Republican lawyer from New York who briefly served as the 20th vice president under President James A. Garfield.
- James A. Garfield
- James A. Garfield
- None
- Grover Cleveland
- Background
- Election of 1880
- Accession to Office
- Administration
- Judicial Appointments
- Civil Service Reform
- Surplus and The Tariff
- Foreign Affairs and Immigration
- Naval Reform
- Civil Rights and The South
Chester A. Arthur was born in 1829 and raised a Baptist in Vermont by his abolitionist father. Arthur attended Union College, became a lawyer, and a Whig (later Republican) politician. As a young New York lawyer, Arthur participated in two important civil rights cases and advocated for African Americans. In 1861, during the Civil War, Arthur was pr...
After President Rutherford B. Hayes declined to seek re-election in 1880, several candidates vied for the presidential nomination at the 1880 Republican National Convention. The convention deadlocked between supporters of former President Ulysses S. Grant and Senator James G. Blaine, resulting in the nomination of a dark horse candidate, James A. G...
On July 2, 1881, Arthur learned that Garfield had been badly wounded in a shooting. The shooter, Charles J. Guiteau, was a deranged office-seeker who believed that Garfield's successor would appoint him to a patronage job. Though he had barely known Guiteau, Arthur had to allay suspicions that he had been behind the assassination. He was reluctant ...
Arthur quickly came into conflict with Garfield's cabinet, most of whom represented opposing factions within the party. At the same time, he distanced himself from Conkling, and he sought to appoint officials who were well-regarded by both reformers and party loyalists. Arthur asked Garfield's cabinet members to remain until December 1881, when Con...
Arthur made appointments to fill two vacancies on the United States Supreme Court. The first vacancy arose in July 1881 with the death of Associate Justice Nathan Clifford, a Democrat who had been a member of the Court since before the American Civil War. Arthur nominated Horace Gray, a distinguished jurist from the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial C...
Pendleton Act
In the early 1880s, American politics operated on the spoils system, a political patronage practice in which victorious candidates rewarded their loyal supporters, family, and friends by installing them in government civil service positions. Movements calling for Civil Service Reform arose in the wake of the corruption in the Grant Administration. In 1880, Democratic Senator George H. Pendleton of Ohio had introduced legislation to require the selection of civil servants based on merit as det...
Star Route scandal
In the late and early 1870s, the public had learned of the star route scandal, in which contractors for star postal routes were greatly overpaid for their services with the connivance of government officials, including former Senator Stephen Wallace Dorsey. Although Arthur had worked closely with Dorsey before his presidency, once in office he supported the investigation and forced the resignation of officials suspected in the scandal. An 1882 trial of the ringleaders resulted in convictions...
With high revenue held over from wartime taxes, the federal government had collected more than it spent since 1866; by 1882 the surplus reached $145 million. Opinions varied on how to reduce the budget surplus; the Democrats favored reducing the surplus by lowering tariffs, which would, in turn, reduce the cost of imported goods. Republicans believ...
During his brief tenure in the Garfield and Arthur administrations, Secretary of State James G. Blaine attempted to invigorate United States diplomacy in Latin America, urging reciprocal trade agreements and offering to mediate disputes among the Latin American nations. Blaine hoped that increased U.S. involvement in the region would counter growin...
In the years following the Civil War, American naval power declined precipitously, shrinking from nearly 700 vessels to just 52, most of which were obsolete. The nation's military focus over the fifteen years before Garfield and Arthur's election had been on the Indian wars in the West, rather than the high seas, but as the region was increasingly ...
Like his Republican predecessors, Arthur struggled with the question of how his party was to challenge the Democrats in the South and how, if at all, to protect the civil rights of black Southerners. Since the end of Reconstruction, conservative white Democrats (or "Bourbon Democrats") had regained power in the South, and the Republican Party dwind...
23 de abr. de 2024 · Chester A. Arthur (born October 5, 1829, North Fairfield, Vermont, U.S.—died November 18, 1886, New York, New York) was the 21st president of the United States. Elected vice president on the Republican ticket of 1880, Arthur acceded to the presidency upon the assassination of President James A. Garfield.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Robert Todd Lincoln
- William Henry Hunt
Chester Alan Arthur (October 5, 1829 – November 18, 1886) was the 21st president of the United States from 1881 to 1885. Before becoming president, he was most noted as the Collector of Customs for the Port of New York, a job he got from his political friendships.
Chester Alan Arthur (5 de outubro de 1829 — 18 de novembro de 1886) foi um advogado e político americano que serviu como Presidente dos Estados Unidos de 1881 a 1885. Ele havia sido eleito vice-presidente, sucedendo James A. Garfield após este ter sido assassinado em setembro de 1881.
Learn about the life and achievements of Chester A. Arthur, the son of a Baptist preacher from Ireland who became the 21st President of the United States in 1881. He was a champion of civil service reform, a believer in the spoils system, and a firm believer in the Pendleton Act, the Tariff Act of 1883, and the first Federal immigration law.
