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Vermeer was one of the premiere painters of the Dutch Golden Age. He specialized in domestic interior scenes of middle class life. There are very few Vermeer paintings in the world. In this one, two figures make music in a sunlit room. The painting demonstrates Vermeer’s trademark sense of rhythm and stability. As with all his paintings, light perm...

Hampton Court Palace is home to the most important series of early Renaissance paintings outside of Italy. They’re nine large paintings in the British Royal Collection depicting the Triumphs of Caesarby Andrea Mantegna. Charles I bought them in 1630 from the Gonzaga family in Mantua, who had fallen on hard times. They are now the largest and most s...

The star of the Cumberland Gallery at Hampton Court Palaceis Hans Holbein’s famous life size painting of Henry VIII. It examples Holbein’s ability to render a person in a monumental style, but with psychological depth. It’s also a propaganda portrait. The portrait is meant to intimidate and convey a favorable impression of the then ailing king. It ...

Another famous painting in the British Royal Collection is the Rainbow Portrait of Elizabeth I in Hatfield House. In it, she’s a dazzling Sun Queen at the height of her powers. Elizabeth is shown in a sumptuous orange silk gown, embroidered all over with eyes and ears. The rather peculiar motif represents her ability to know and see all in her cour...

This famous painting of Charles I was intended to be sent to the sculptor Gian Lorenzo Berniniin Rome, who was to carve a bust of Charles I. Van Dyck was known for his ability to penetrate below the surface and reveal hidden aspects of the sitter’s personality. In this triple portrait, he makes Charles seem shy, dignified, and intelligent. Perhaps ...

This is an official equestrian portrait of Charles I by Anthony Van Dyke housed in Windsor Castle. You may recognize it from the TV show Downton Abbey, where a replica appeared in the dining room. Equestrian portraits were usually reserved for military and political leaders, a tradition that dates back to Ancient Rome. They’re intended to convey th...

Rubens created this self portrait to try to gain the favor of Prince of Wales, who would go on to be crowned Charles I. Rubens is portrayed as a courtier and diplomat, wearing sober (but fashionable) black clothing.The portrait has beautiful contrasts of light and dark, with shades of deep black. It’s a bold rendering, which suggests that Rubens wa...

George III and Queen Charlotte were fascinated with the Renaissance art of Florence. They commissioned Johann Zoffany to paint the Tribuna room of Florence’s beloved Uffizi Gallery. Now, it’s one of the most famous paintings in the British Royal Collection. The monarchs hadn’t been to Italy, so Zoffany recreated the experience of “the grand tour” f...

This is one of the most famous landscape paintings in the British Royal Collection. It was painted by Netherlands artists Pieter Bruegel the Younger. The artist’s landscapes tend to be littered with allegories and proverbs. In Massacre of the Innocents, the subject is ostensibly the slaughter carried out by King Herod. It was the official political...