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  1. American literature is literature written or produced in the United States and in the colonies that preceded it. The American literary tradition is part of the broader tradition of English-language literature, but also includes literature produced in the United States in languages other than English. [1]

    • Early Cultural Context
    • The Rise of Literary Realism
    • American Literature and The Early American Academy
    • American Literature at The Turn of The Century
    • American Literature and The Modern Academy: A Culmination
    • Bibliography

    The cultural trauma of the Civil War produced a permanently altered sense of national consciousness among Americans who lived through it and beyond it. But the war between the states was only one of manyphenomena of the late nineteenth century that transformed the United States from a country fundamentally sectionalist in attitude (e.g., New Englan...

    By 1870 a new generation of American authors, committed to the tenets of literary realism, had begun to emerge. The realist artistic vision, though expressed in a variety of ways by hundreds of writers in the late nineteenth century, was, at least in principle, relatively uncomplicated: portray people, places, and things as they actually appear in ...

    Although American authors enjoyed popular success among subscribers to national publications in the decades following the Civil War, American literature, generally speaking, had yet to achieve the status of serious art in the minds of those readers. Americans, still harboring lingering feelings of provincial inferiority a century after the signing ...

    During the 1890s a profound and noticeable shift began taking place in American literature. A hallmark feature of post–Civil War American literary realism had been plots that featured characters confronting complex ethical dilemmas. Thus a fundamental assumption that lay behind many realist texts was that the individual possesses the free will to d...

    The transition of American literature studies into an age of modern sophistication began just after the end of World War I. In April 1921 the final two volumes of The Cambridge History of American Literature appeared, providing American literary studies with its long-sought sense of critical legitimacy. Later that same year scholars of American lit...

    Primary Works

    Boynton, Percy. A History of American Literature.Boston: Ginn, 1919. Cairns, W. B. A History of American Literature. New York: Oxford UniversityPress, 1912. Crane, Stephen. Maggie, A Girl of the Streets. 1893. Edited by Thomas Gullason. New York: Norton, 1979. Erskine, John, Stuart P. Sherman, William Peterfield Trent, and Carl Van Doren, eds. The Cambridge History of American Literature.4 vols. New York: Putnam, 1917–1921. Foerster, Norman, ed. American Poetry and Prose.2 vols. Boston and Ne...

    Secondary Works

    Csicsila, Joseph. Canons by Consensus: Critical Trends and American Literature Anthologies.Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2004. Graff, Gerald. Professing Literature: An Institutional History. Chicago: University of ChicagoPress, 1987. Vanderbilt, Kermit. American Literature and the Academy: The Roots, Growth, and Maturity of a Profession. Philadelphia: University of PennsylvaniaPress, 1986. Joseph Csicsila

  2. The American Publishing Company, 1884. The history of American literature reaches from the oral traditions of Native peoples to the novels, poetry, and drama created in the United States today. This list describes its six major periods.

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  3. Each issue of American Literature contains articles covering the works of several American authors, from colonial to contemporary, as well as an extensive book review section; a "Brief Mention" section offering citations of new editions and reprints, collections, anthologies, and other professional books; and an "Announcements" section that ...