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Field Marshal Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, KG, GCB, GCH, PC, FRS (né Wesley; 1 May 1769 – 14 September 1852) was an Anglo-Irish statesman, soldier, and Tory politician who was one of the leading military and political figures of 19th-century Britain, serving twice as prime minister of the United Kingdom.
A leading political and military figure of the 19th century, the Duke of Wellington is best remembered for his defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte at Waterloo in 1815. As a general, he was renowned for his stunning defensive skills. His battle plans are still studied in military academies today. 9 min read.
("The Guard is retreating. Every man for himself!") Wellington now stood up in Copenhagen's stirrups and waved his hat in the air to signal a general advance. His army rushed forward from the lines and threw themselves upon the retreating French.
The Duke of Wellington’s Army Staff Cocked Hat. Worn by Field Marshal Arthur Wellesley in or around 1846, this bicorn hat (top) is similar to the one he waved in 1815 to signal the British advance on Napoleon’s defeated Imperial Guard at Waterloo. (National Army Museum, London)
The Spanish government made Wellington commander-in-chief of all allied armies, providing an extra 21,000 Spanish troops after Salamanca. Although not completely undefeated, he never lost a major battle. His greatest defeat came at the siege of Burgos in 1812, where he had hoped to prevent French forces concentrating.
Wellington's head, in profile to the right, projects from a huge spurred boot, showing the upper part of his embroidered collar. He wears an enormous field-marshal's cocked hat. He has a satisfied smile, the eyes turned towards the spectator.
In early 1812, before the French could concentrate enough relief troops, Wellington attacked the border fortresses of Ciudad Rodrigo and Badajoz. Success at each would open up the northern and southern routes into Spain.
