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The Provisional Government of Free India or, more simply, Azad Hind, [3] [4] was a short-lived Japanese-controlled provisional government in India. [5] It was established in Japanese occupied Singapore during World War II in October 1943 and has been considered a puppet state of the Empire of Japan. [6] [7] [8]
- Governo Provisório da Índia Livre
O Governo Provisório da Índia Livre ou simplesmente, Azad...
- Indian National Army
The Indian National Army (INA; Azad Hind Fauj / ˈɑːzɑːð...
- Azad Hind stamps
The Azad Hind stamps are a set of prepared but never issued...
- Azad Hind Radio
Azad Hind Radio (transl. Free India Radio) was a radio...
- Governo Provisório da Índia Livre
O Governo Provisório da Índia Livre ou simplesmente, Azad Hind, [3] [4] foi um governo provisório de curta duração apoiado pelos japoneses na Índia. [5] Foi estabelecido na Singapura ocupada pelos japoneses durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial em outubro de 1943 e tem sido considerado um estado-fantoche do Império do Japão. [6 ...
The Indian National Army (INA; Azad Hind Fauj / ˈɑːzɑːð ˈhinð ˈfɔːdʒ /; lit. 'Free Indian Army') was a collaborationist armed unit of Indian collaborators that fought under the command of the Japanese Empire. [1] It was founded by Mohan Singh on September 1942 in Southeast Asia during World War II.
- Background
- The Stamps
- Cataloguing and Publications
- Forgeries
- See Also
- Sources
- References
The "Provisional Government of Free India" was founded by Subhas Chandra Bose as a government in exile with the support of Japan during the Second World War. For this government, stamps were planned, which were manufactured in Nazi Germany. The stamps were commissioned by Bose himself during his stay in Berlin in early 1943.
A total of ten different stamps were produced: The stamps were designed by the graphic artist couple Werner and Maria von Axster-Heudtlaß, who designed numerous stamps for the Reichspost and later for the Deutsche Post between 1925 and 1949. According to propaganda philately specialist Dave Ripley, the soldiers on the 1+2 rupees stamp represent thr...
The stamps of Azad Hind are listed in the Michel Germany catalogueunder "Nationales Indien" ("National India") and bear the designations I to X ( perforated and imperforated). Of No. VII (1+2 rupees) the varieties a, b and c are named. The Indian Post has published the Azad-Hind stamps in a book entitled India's Freedom Struggle through India Posta...
As the market value of the 1+2 rupees stamps has increased considerably over the years due to their rarity, forgeries are produced. These can usually be recognized by an unclear and washed-out looking print, as they are often produced using offset printing instead of photogravure. There are also imitations that are produced with inkjet printers. As...
Michel Deutschland-Spezial 2018.Schwaneberger Verlag GmbH, München 2018.^ *"Barth Healey: Pastimes;stamps". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 April 2020.^ "Herbert A. Friedman: Propaganda and Espionage Philately". psywar.org. Archived from the original on 7 February 2020. Retrieved 17 April 2020.It was only after the arrival of another Indian leader of great political standing, Subhas Chandra Bose, from Germany to the Far-Eastern front in June 1943 that the Indian National Army was revived in the form of Azad Hind Fauj. However, Mohan Singh could not be reinstated to the revived army.
Azad Hind Radio (transl. Free India Radio) was a radio service that was started under the leadership of Subhas Chandra Bose in 1942 to encourage Indians to fight against the British.
The Provisional Government of Free India or, more simply, Azad Hind, was a short-lived Japanese-controlled provisional government in India. It was established i...
