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Hong Tianguifu (23 November 1849 – 18 November 1864) was the second and last king of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. He is popularly referred to as the Junior Lord (幼主). Officially, like his father Hong Xiuquan, he was the King of Heaven (天王). To differentiate, he is also called the Junior King of Heaven (幼天王 ...
Hong Tianguifu (洪天貴福, 23 de novembro de 1849 - 18 de novembro de 1864) foi o segundo e último Rei Celestial do Reino Celestial Taiping. Ele é popularmente conhecido como o "Lorde Júnior" (幼主). Oficialmente, como seu pai Hong Xiuquan, ele era o "Rei Celestial" (天王).
- Background
- History and Background
- Administrative Divisions
- Kings, Princes, and Noble Ranks
- Policies
- Subsequent Massacre of The Hakkas
- Further Reading
During the 19th century, the Qing territories experienced a series of famines, natural disasters, economic problems and defeats at the hands of foreign powers; these events have come to be collectively known as China's "century of humiliation". Farmers were heavily overtaxed, rents rose dramatically, and peasants started to desert their lands in dr...
Early establishments
The Jintian Uprising began in 1850 in Guangxi. On 11 January 1851 (the 11th day of the first lunar month), incidentally Hong Xiuquan's birthday, Hong declared himself "Heavenly King" of a new dynasty, the "Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace". After minor clashes, the violence escalated into the uprising in February 1851, in which a 10,000-strong rebel army routed and defeated a smaller Qing force. Feng Yushan was to be the strategist of the rebellion and the administrator of the kingdom during i...
Internal conflict
In 1853, Hong withdrew from active control of policies and administration, ruling exclusively by written proclamations often in religious language. Hong disagreed with Yang in certain matters of policy and became increasingly suspicious of Yang's ambitions, his extensive network of spies, and his declarations when "speaking as God". Yang and his family were put to death by Hong's followers in 1856, followed by the killing of troops loyal to Yang, in an event known as the Tianjing Incident. Th...
Fall
An attempt to take Shanghai in August 1860 was initially successful but finally repulsed by a force of Chinese troops and European officers under the command of Frederick Townsend Ward. This army would later become the "Ever Victorious Army", led by Charles "Chinese" Gordon, and would be instrumental in the defeat of the Taiping rebels. Imperial forces were reorganised under the command of Zeng Guofan and Li Hongzhang, and the Qing government's re-conquest began in earnest. By early 1864, Qin...
25 provinces were mentioned in Taiping Heavenly Kingdom sources:[verification needed] 1. Jiangnan Province (江南省) or Heavenly Capital Province (天京省) – present-day northern area of Jiangsu 2. Anhui Province (安徽省) – present-day Anhui 3. Jiangxi Province (江西省) – present-day Jiangxi 4. Hubei Province (湖北省) – present-day Hubei 5. Tianpu Province (天浦省) – ...
The Heavenly King was the highest position in the Heavenly Kingdom. The sole people to hold this position were Hong Xiuquan and his son Hong Tianguifu. Ranked below the "King of Heaven" Hong Xiuquan, the territory was divided among provincial rulers called kings or princes; initially there were five – the Kings of the Four Cardinal Directions and t...
Within the land that it controlled, the Taiping Heavenly Army established a totalitarian, theocratic, and highly militarisedrule. 1. The subject of study for the examinations for officials changed from the Confucian classics to the Bible. 2. Private property ownership was abolished and all land was held and distributed by the state. 3. A solar cale...
With the collapse of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the Qing dynasty launched waves of massacres against the Hakka, killing 30,000 Hakkas each day throughout China during the height of the Hakka massacres. Similar purges were taken while defeating the Red Turban Rebellion (1854–1856). In Guangdong, Governor Ye Mingchen oversaw the execution of 70,00...
For a fuller selection, please see the section Taiping Rebellion: Further reading 1. Platt, Stephen R. (2012). Autumn in the Heavenly Kingdom: China, the West, and the Epic Story of the Taiping Civil War. New York: Knopf. ISBN 978-0307271730.Narrative history, with emphasis on the military aspects. 2. Kuhn, Philip A. (1970), "The Taiping Rebellion"...
Hong Tianguifu (23 November 1849-18 November 1864) was King of the Heavenly Kingdom from 6 June to 18 November 1864, succeeding Hong Xiuquan. Hong Tianguifu was born in Hua County, Guangdong, Qing China in 1849, the son of Hong Xiuquan.
Hong Tianguifu foi o segundo e último Rei Celestial do Reino Celestial Taiping. Ele é popularmente conhecido como o "Lorde Júnior" (幼主). Oficialmente, como seu pai Hong Xiuquan, ele era o "Rei Celestial" (天王).
Quatro meses antes da queda do Reino Celestial Taiping, Hong Xiuquan abdicou em favor de Hong Tianguifu, seu filho mais velho, que tinha 14 anos na época. Hong Tianguifu foi incapaz de fazer qualquer coisa para restaurar o reino, então o reino foi rapidamente destruído quando Tianjing caiu em julho de 1864 para as forças Qing ...
2 de out. de 2021 · Hong Xiuquan claimed to be the younger son of God and the brother of Jesus Christ, and ruled over a millenarian empire in Nanjing from 1853 to 1864. He had many wives, executed his critics, and fought against the Qing dynasty, but failed to conquer China.
