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João I de Brienne foi rei de Jerusalém de 1210 a 1225, também regente e depois coroado (1231) co-imperador com Balduíno II do Império Latino de Constantinopla de 1231 a 1237. Foi filho de Erardo II de Brienne, Conde de Brienne e de Inês de Montfaucon.
Foi filho de Afonso de Brienne ( 1225 – 25 de agosto de 1270 ), conde d'Eu e de Maria de Lusignan ( 1230 -?), condessa d'Eu filha de Raul de Lusignan ( 1200 -?) e de Yolanda de Dreux (1200 -?).
- Early Life
- King of Jerusalem
- Papal Service
- Emperor of Constantinople
- Family
John was the youngest of the four sons of Count Erard II of Brienne and Agnes of Montfaucon. He seemed "exceedingly old ... about 80" to the 14-year-old George Akropolites in 1231; if Akropolites' estimate was correct, John was born around 1150. However, no other 13th-century authors described John as an old man. His father referred to John's broth...
Co-ruler
John landed at Acre on 13 September 1210; the following day, Patriarch of Jerusalem Albert of Vercelli married him to Queen Maria. John and Maria were crowned in the Cathedral of Tyre on 3 October. The truce concluded by Maria's predecessor Aimery and the Ayyubid sultan Al-Adil I had ended by John's arrival. Although Al-Adil was willing to renew it, Jerusalemite lords did not want to sign a new treaty without John's consent. During John and Maria's coronation, Al-Adil's son Al-Mu'azzam Isa pi...
Conflicts
Maria died shortly after giving birth to their daughter, Isabella, in late 1212. Her death triggered a legal dispute, with John of Ibelin (who administered Jerusalem before John's coronation) questioning the widowed king's right to rule. The king sent Raoul of Merencourt, Bishop of Sidon, to Rome for assistance from the Holy See. Pope Innocent confirmed John as lawful ruler of the Holy Land in early 1213, urging the prelates to support him with ecclesiastical sanctions if needed. Most of the...
Fifth Crusade
Pope Innocent proclaimed the Fifth Crusade in 1213, with the "liberation of the Holy Land" (the reconquest of Jerusalem) its principal object. The first crusader troops, commanded by Leopold VI of Austria, landed at Acre in early September 1217. Andrew II of Hungary and his army followed that month, and Hugh I of Cyprus and Bohemond IV of Antioch soon joined the crusaders. However, hundreds of crusaders soon returned to Europe because of a famine following the previous year's poor harvest. A...
Pope Honorius did not accept Frederick's unilateral act, and continued to regard John as the rightful king of Jerusalem. In an attempt to take advantage of the revived Lombard League (an alliance of northern Italian towns) against Frederick II, John went to Bologna. According to a version of Ernoul's chronicle, he declined an offer by the Lombard L...
Election
The Latin Emperor of Constantinople, Robert I, died in January 1228. His brother Baldwin II succeeded him, but a regent was needed to rule the Latin Empire since Baldwin was ten years old. Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria was willing to accept the regency, but the barons of the Latin Empire suspected that he wanted to unite the Latin Empire with Bulgaria.They offered the imperial crown instead to John, an ally of the Holy See. After months of negotiation, John and the envoys from the Latin Empire sig...
Rule
John was crowned emperor in Hagia Sophia in autumn 1231; by then, his territory was limited to Constantinople and its vicinity. The Venetians urged him to wage war against John III Vatatzes, Emperor of Nicaea, who supported a rebellion against their rule in Crete. According to Philippe Mouskes' Rhymed Chronicle, John could make "neither war nor peace"; because he did not invade the Empire of Nicaea, most French knights who accompanied him to Constantinople returned home after his coronation....
Death
According to three 13th-century authors (Matthew Paris, Salimbene di Adam and Bernard of Besse), John became a Franciscan friar before his death. They agree that John's declining health contributed to his conversion, but Bernard also described a recurring vision of an old man urging the emperor to join the Franciscans. Most 13th-century sources suggest that John died between 19 and 23 March 1237,the only Latin emperor to die in Constantinople. According to the Tales of the Minstrel of Reims,...
John's first wife (Maria the Marquise, born 1191) was the only child of Isabella I of Jerusalem and her second husband, Conrad of Montferrat. Maria inherited Jerusalem from her mother in 1205. John and Maria's only child, Isabella(also known as Yolanda), was born in late 1212. Stephanie of Armenia became John's second wife in 1214. She was the only...
João I de Brienne foi rei de Jerusalém de 1210 a 1225, também regente e depois coroado (1231) co-imperador com Balduíno II do Império Latino de Constantinopla de 1231 a 1237. Foi filho de Erardo II de Brienne, Conde de Brienne e de Inês de Montfaucon.
Berengária de Leão ou Berengária de Castela (1204 — 1237), foi a terceira esposa João I de Brienne e a única que foi imperatriz-consorte do Império Latino residente em Constantinopla.
"João I de Brienne foi rei de Jerusalém de 1210 a 1225, também regente e depois coroado (1231) co-imperador com Balduíno II do Império Latino de Constantinopla de 1231 a 1237. Foi filho de Erardo II de Brienne, conde de Brienne e de Inês de Montfaucon."
João I de Brienne (falecido em 12 de junho de 1294) era filho de Afonso de Brienne e Maria de Lusigan. Sua mãe era a herdeira de Eu, Seine-Maritime, e ele sucedeu seu pai como Conde de Eu em 1270. Casou-se com Beatrice, filha de Guy III, Conde de Saint-Pol. Eles tinham:
