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27 de fev. de 2021 · Set Theory is the study of sets. Essentially, a set is a collection of mathematical objects. Set Theory forms the foundation of all of mathematics. In Naive Set Theory, there is an axiom which is known as the unrestricted comprehension schema axiom. It states that there exists a set such that a formula in first-order logic holds for all ...
In set theory and its applications throughout mathematics, a class is a collection of sets (or sometimes other mathematical objects) that can be unambiguously defined by a property that all its members share. Classes act as a way to have set-like collections while differing from sets so as to avoid paradoxes, especially Russell's paradox (see ...
Descriptive set theory begins with the study of Polish spaces and their Borel sets . A Polish space is a second-countable topological space that is metrizable with a complete metric. Heuristically, it is a complete separable metric space whose metric has been "forgotten". Examples include the real line , the Baire space , the Cantor space , and ...
The fundamental concept of musical set theory is the (musical) set, which is an unordered collection of pitch classes. [4] More exactly, a pitch-class set is a numerical representation consisting of distinct integers (i.e., without duplicates). [5] The elements of a set may be manifested in music as simultaneous chords, successive tones (as in ...
Naive set theory is the original set theory developed by mathematicians at the end of the 19th century, treating sets simply as collections of things. Axiomatic set theory is a rigorous axiomatic theory developed in response to the discovery of serious flaws (such as Russell's paradox) in naive set theory. It treats sets as "whatever satisfies ...
For other uses, see Theory (disambiguation). A theory is a rational type of abstract thinking about a phenomenon, or the results of such thinking. The process of contemplative and rational thinking is often associated with such processes as observational study or research. Theories may be scientific, belong to a non-scientific discipline, or no ...
Zermelo set theory (sometimes denoted by Z- ), as set out in a seminal paper in 1908 by Ernst Zermelo, is the ancestor of modern Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory (ZF) and its extensions, such as von Neumann–Bernays–Gödel set theory (NBG). It bears certain differences from its descendants, which are not always understood, and are frequently ...
