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Gujarat is a state in western India with a coastline along the Arabian Sea. It has a rich history, culture, and economy, and is known as the "Jewel of Western India".
- History
Gujarat was a major center of Indian Ocean trade, and their...
- Gujarati language
Gujarati (/ ˌ ɡ ʊ dʒ ə ˈ r ɑː t i / GUUJ-ə-RAH-tee; [14]...
- Gujarati people
The Gujarati people, or Gujaratis, are an Indo-Aryan...
- History
Está localizado no oeste da Índia, fazendo fronteira com o Paquistão a norte, além dos Estados do Rajastão a nordeste, Madia Pradexe a leste e Maarastra a sudeste, tendo o mar Arábico a sudoeste. Por fim, há os limites com Territórios da União: Damão e Diu e Dadrá e Nagar Aveli.
- Early History
- Chalcolithic to Bronze Age
- Iron Age
- Middle Kingdoms
- Delhi Sultanate
- Gujarat Sultanate
- Mughal Era
- Maratha Era
- Early Trade with Europeans
- British Era
- GeneratedCaptionsTabForHeroSec
The cultural history of Gujarat begins from the Middle Pleistocene. The lands of Gujarat has been continuously inhabited from the Lower Paleolithic (c. 200,000 BP) period. Several sites of Stone Age are discovered in riverbeds of Sabarmati, Mahi river and lower Narmadarivers of Gujarat. The Middle Paleolithic sites are found from Kutch, Jamnagar, P...
Total 755 chalcolithic settlements are discovered in Gujarat belonging to various traditions and cultures which ranged from 3700 BCE to 900 BCE. Total 59 of these sites are excavated while others are studied from artifacts. These traditions are closely associated with Harappan civilization and difference between them is identified by difference in ...
The post-Harappan culture continued at several sites. Pastoralism was also widespread and served as trade-links between the sites. There is no mention of Gujarat in Vedic literature. Bharuchwas the major port town of Iron Age.
Guptas and Maitrakas
The Gupta Emperor Samudragupta defeated the Indo-Scythian rulers in battle and had then admit their submission to him. Samudragupta's successor, Chandragupta II, finally conquered the Western Satraps and occupied Gujarat. Chandragupta II assumed the title of "Vikramaditya", in celebration of his victory over the Western Satraps. During the Gupta reign, villagers and peasants were put into forced labour by the Gupta army and officials. During the reign of Skandagupta, Cakrapālita was the gover...
Gurjara-Pratihara Empire
In the early 8th century some parts of Gujarat was ruled by the south Indian Chalukya dynasty. In the early 8th century the Arabs of the Umayyad Caliphate established an Empire which stretched from Spain in the west to Afghanistan and Pakistan in the east. The Arab rulers tried to expand their Empire in the 8th century and invaded Gujarat but the Arab invaders were defeated by the Chalukya general Pulakeshin. After this victory the Arab invaders were driven out of Gujarat. Pulakeshin received...
Chaulukya Kingdom
The Chaulukya dynasty[note 1] ruled Gujarat from c. 960 to 1243. Gujarat was a major center of Indian Ocean trade, and their capital at Anhilwara (Patan) was one of the largest cities in India, with population estimated at 100,000 in the year 1000. In 1026, the famous Somnath temple in Gujarat was destroyed by Mahmud of Ghazni. After 1243, the Chaulukyas lost control of Gujarat to their feudatories, of whom the Vaghela chiefs of Dholka came to dominate Gujarat. In 1292 the Vaghelas became tri...
Before 1300, Muslims had little presence in Gujarat. The occasional was mainly either as sea-farers or traders coming from Arabian Sea. They were allowed to establish two small settlements in Cambay (now Khambhat) and Bharuch. Gujarat finally fell under Delhi Sultanate following repeated expeditions under Alauddin Khalji around the end of the 13th ...
Following Timur's invasion of Delhi, the Delhi Sultanate weakened considerably so the last Tughluq governor Zafar Khan declared himself independent in 1407 and formally established Gujarat Sultanate. The next sultan, his grandson Ahmad Shah I founded the new capital Ahmedabad in 1411. The prosperity of the sultanate reached its zenith during the ru...
Akbar (1542–1605) set out on his first campaign of Gujarat from Fatehpur Sikri on 2 July 1572 arriving in Ahmedabad on 20 November 1572. He then reorganized the government of Ahmedabad under the charge of his foster brother Mirza Aziz Koka, the Khan-i-Azam and quelled the rebellion led by the Mirzas by laying siege to the castle of Surat. Akbar the...
When the cracks had started to develop in the edifice of the Mughal empire in the mid-17th century, the Marathas were consolidating their power in the west, Chhatrapati Shivaji, the great Maratha ruler, attacked Surat twice first in 1664 and again in 1672. These attacks marked the entry of the Marathas into Gujarat. Later, in the 17th century and e...
In the 1600s, the Dutch, French, English and Portuguese all established bases along the western coast of the region. Portugal was the first European power to arrive in Gujarat, and after the Battle of Diu and Treaty of Bassein, acquired several enclaves along the Gujarati coast, including Daman and Diu as well as Dadra and Nagar Haveli. These encla...
The East India Company wrested control of much of Gujarat from the Marathas during the Second Anglo-Maratha War in 1802–1803. Many local rulers, notably the Maratha Gaekwad Maharajas of Vadodara, made a separate peace with the British and acknowledged British sovereignty in return for retaining local self-rule. Gujarat was placed under the politica...
Learn about the ancient and modern history of Gujarat, a state in western India. Explore its cultural heritage, political evolution, and role in the Indian independence movement.
Learn about the history, dialects, and writing system of Gujarati, an Indo-Aryan language native to Gujarat, India. Gujarati is spoken by over 55 million people in India and other countries, and is one of the fastest growing languages in the world.
Learn about the history, culture, and diaspora of the Gujarati people, an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group from Gujarat, India. Find out their population, languages, religions, and notable figures in various fields.
Gujarat is a western state of India with Gandhinagar as its capital. It has a rich history, culture, and economy, and is home to the Gujarati-speaking people.
Há 3 dias · Gujarat is a state in western India on the Arabian Sea, with a diverse landscape of salt deserts, scrublands, and coastal plains. Learn about its history, culture, economy, and natural features from Britannica, the authoritative source of information.
