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Moscow is the capital and largest city of Russia. The city stands on the Moskva River in Central Russia, with a population estimated at over 13 million residents within the city limits, over 18.8 million residents in the urban area, and over 21.5 million residents in its metropolitan area.
- Overview
- Character of the city
Moscow, city, capital of Russia, located in the far western part of the country. Since it was first mentioned in the chronicles of 1147, Moscow has played a vital role in Russian history. It became the capital of Muscovy (the Grand Principality of Moscow) in the late 13th century; hence, the people of Moscow are known as Muscovites. Today Moscow is not only the political centre of Russia but also the country’s most populous city and its industrial, cultural, scientific, and educational capital. For more than 600 years Moscow also has been the spiritual centre of the Russian Orthodox Church.
The capital of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) until the union dissolved in 1991, Moscow attracted world attention as a centre of communist power; indeed, the name of the seat of the former Soviet government and the successor Russian government, the Kremlin (Russian: Kreml), was a synonym for Soviet authority. The dissolution of the U.S.S.R. brought tremendous economic and political change, along with a significant concentration of Russia’s wealth, into Moscow. Area 414 square miles (1,035 square km). Pop. (2010) city, 11,738,547; (2020 est.) city, 12,678,079.
If St. Petersburg is Russia’s “window on Europe,” Moscow is Russia’s heart. It is an upbeat, vibrant, and sometimes wearisome city. Much of Moscow was reconstructed after it was occupied by the French under Napoleon I in 1812 and almost entirely destroyed by fire. Moscow has not stopped being refurbished and modernized and continues to experience rapid social change. Russia’s Soviet past collides with its capitalist present everywhere in the country, but nowhere is this contrast more visible than in Moscow. Vladimir Ilich Lenin’s Mausoleum remains intact, as do many dreary five-story apartment buildings from the era of Nikita Khrushchev’s rule (the mid-1950s to the mid-1960s), yet glitzy automobiles and Western-style supermarkets, casinos, and nightclubs are equally visible. Many Orthodox churches, as well as some synagogues and mosques, have been restored, Moscow’s novel theatres have reclaimed leadership in the dramatic arts, and traditional markets have been revived and expanded. These markets, which under the Soviets were known as kolkhoz (collective-farm) markets and sold mainly crafts and produce, are now more sophisticated retail establishments.
It has become habitual to compare Moscow with St. Petersburg, its rival and the former (1712–1918) capital of Russia. While St. Petersburg has absorbed western European influences, Moscow is viewed as a traditional Russian city. Unlike its rival, Moscow has a well-defined city centre marked by the Kremlin. Other characteristics of Moscow are its physical layout in radial spokes and rings that have been extended over time, its hodgepodge of architectural styles, and its historical buildings that were mainly built by Russian architects. Moscow’s buildings were predominantly wooden until the 1920s, when brick and stone came into use.
Britannica Quiz
World Cities
After losing the status as capital of the empire, the population of Moscow at first decreased, from 200,000 in the 17th century to 130,000 in 1750. But after 1750, the population grew more than tenfold over the remaining duration of the Russian Empire, reaching 1.8 million by 1915.
No, Moscow was not founded in 1147. The city was only mentioned in the chronicles for the first time in that year. So, actually how old is the capital of Russia?
The early period. Foundation and medieval growth. The first documentary reference to Moscow is found in the early monastic chronicles under the year 1147, when on April 4 Yury Vladimirovich Dolgoruky ( see Dolgoruky family), prince of Suzdal, was host at a “great banquet” for his ally the prince of Novgorod-Seversky “in Moscow.”
Moscow traces its history back to 1147, when it was mentioned in the chronicles for the first time. The early 12th century saw Kievan Rus disintegrate into many separate principalities. During this period, Prince Yury Dolgoruky of Rostov and Suzdal (1090–1157) began to build new towns and communities.
The 18th and 19th centuries. In 1703 Peter I began constructing St. Petersburg on the Gulf of Finland, and in 1712 he transferred the capital to his new, “Westernized,” and outward-looking city. Members of the nobility were compelled to move to St. Petersburg; many merchants and artisans also moved.
![Old Moscow Photos in HQ, Part 1 [18 Pics] | I Like To Waste My Time](https://br.images.search.yahoo.com/search/images?q=how+old+is+moscow&ei=UTF-8&fl=0&rd=r1&age=1w&fr=yhs-Elex-elex_22find&th=108&tw=89.5&imgurl=http%3A%2F%2Filiketowastemytime.com%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fold-moscow-photos.jpg&rurl=http%3A%2F%2Filiketowastemytime.com%2F2012%2F11%2F29%2Fold-moscow-photos-in-hq-part-1-18-pics&size=415KB&name=Old+Moscow+Photos+in+HQ%2C+Part+1+%5B18+Pics%5D+%7C+I+Like+To+Waste+My+Time&oid=4&h=1200&w=994&turl=https%3A%2F%2Ftse1.mm.bing.net%2Fth%3Fid%3DOIP.le6p78s3MsiXq95EaA9aJAHaI8%26pid%3DApi%26rs%3D1%26c%3D1%26qlt%3D95%26w%3D89%26h%3D108&tt=Old+Moscow+Photos+in+HQ%2C+Part+1+%5B18+Pics%5D+%7C+I+Like+To+Waste+My+Time&sigr=Mf0nlKDxumtE&sigit=oQ.IsWGfTSRr&sigi=yop4Qvm4WGyQ&sign=bx0ZzGgYsCzZ&sigt=bx0ZzGgYsCzZ "Old Moscow Photos in HQ, Part 1 [18 Pics] | I Like To Waste My Time")
