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This is a list of machine guns and their variants . Name. Manufacturer. Image. Cartridge. Feed. Country. Year. 7,62 ITKK 31 VKT.
NameManufacturerCartridgeFeed7.50×54mm French 7.62×51mm NATOMany machine guns also use belt feeding and open bolt operation, features not normally found on other infantry firearms. Machine guns can be further categorized as light machine guns, medium machine guns, heavy machine guns, general-purpose machine guns, and squad automatic weapons.
25 de mai. de 2024 · Learn about the development and classification of machine guns, automatic weapons of small calibre that fire rapidly. Find out how they work, what they are used for, and how they have changed warfare.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
This listing includes heavy, medium and light machine guns as well as Squad Automatic Weapons (SAWSs) and those base assault rifle designs that can be converted to fulfill the light machine gun role. Pusca Automata Model 1986 (PA md. 86) Detailing the various machine gun weapons and related systems of the battlefield from origin to present day.
- Overview
- Machine guns
- Early manual weapons
- Heavy machine guns
- Light machine guns
- Large-calibre machine guns
The search for greater firepower has not been limited to shoulder firearms. In addition to personal defense weapons, a variety of infantry-support weapons classed as machine guns have been subjected to intense experimentation.
The search for greater firepower has not been limited to shoulder firearms. In addition to personal defense weapons, a variety of infantry-support weapons classed as machine guns have been subjected to intense experimentation.
During the flintlock era a number of heavy guns were developed that could fire several bullets either serially or in volley, but it was not until the mid-19th century, with the spread of centre-fire cartridge ammunition and better manufacturing techniques, that such weapons could be put to effective military use. The best known were the Gatling gun...
Self-actuated machine guns, which operated under energy generated by a fired round, became militarily effective after the introduction of nitrocellulose propellants. These burned at a more controlled rate than did the older black-powder propellants, generating pressures that built up over a longer time. The first automatic weapons to take advantage...
Heavy machine guns were satisfactory for defensive roles but were not really portable. A number of lighter machine guns (frequently called machine rifles or automatic rifles) began to be used in 1915. These included the British Lewis gun (invented in America but manufactured and improved in Great Britain), the French Chauchat, several German weapons, and the U.S. M1918 Browning automatic rifle (known as the BAR). Most, but not all, of these light weapons were gas-operated. Almost all were air-cooled. Generally, they fired from magazines rather than belts of ammunition because detachable magazines were more convenient and more easily transported. Weighing as little as 15 pounds (7 kg), they were light enough to be carried by one man and fired rifle-fashion or from a prone position.
After World War I, light machine guns virtually took over the functions of their heavier counterparts, although the older weapons continued in service around the world through World War II and for decades thereafter. In Germany, where heavy, water-cooled Maxim-type guns had been forbidden by the victorious Allies, an entirely new generation of light machine guns was introduced by the Maschinengewehr 1934 and 1942. Recoil-operated and fed 7.92-mm rifle ammunition on belts, these were equally effective when fired from bipods or when mounted on tripods for sustained fire. Firing at an extremely high rate (as high as 1,000 rounds per minute), they dealt with the overheating problem by being built with barrels that could be changed in seconds. The MG34 pioneered the quick-change mechanism, while the MG42, being fabricated largely of stamped sheet-metal parts welded and riveted together, could be made cheaply and quickly even in factories designed for automobile manufacture.
The Soviets began to issue their Degtyarev Pekhotny (DP) in 1933 and supplied it to loyalist forces in the Spanish Civil War. In 1944 it was modified into the DPM. British infantry units fought World War II with the Bren, a .303-inch version of a weapon designed by the Czech weapons maker Václav Holek, and U.S. troops relied on the BAR. All were gas-operated and magazine-fed and weighed from slightly over 20 pounds (10 kg) to more than 30 pounds (15 kg) loaded. They fired slowly enough to deliver accurate bursts from their bipods, 350–600 rounds per minute.
After the war, with assault-rifle cartridges becoming standard issue, terms such as automatic rifle, light machine gun, and medium machine gun gave way to general-purpose machine gun (GPMG) and squad automatic weapon (SAW). Most GPMGs were chambered for the intermediate-size 7.62-mm cartridges of NATO and the Soviet Union, while SAWs fired small-calibre high-velocity rounds such as the 5.56-mm NATO or the 5.45-mm Kalashnikov. Significant belt-fed GPMGs included the West German MG3, a modernized version of the MG42; the Mitrailleuse d’Appui Général (MAG), built by Fabrique Nationale of Belgium; the U.S.-made M60; and the Soviet Pulemyot Kalashnikova (PK). Of the SAWs, the most prominent were the belt- or magazine-fed Minimi, built by Fabrique Nationale, and the magazine-fed Ruchnoy Pulemyot Kalashnikova (RPK).
With the eclipse of the early water-cooled machine guns, the term heavy was applied to machine guns firing cartridges of several times rifle calibre—most often .50 inch or 12.7 millimetres.
Even before World War I, fully automatic weapons were used with ammunition more powerful than rifle cartridges, but such ammunition was not necessary for infantry missions until foot soldiers encountered armoured vehicles. During the 1930s many higher-powered weapons were adopted, although only two had outstanding success. One was the United States’ M2 Heavy Barrel Browning. Essentially a .50-inch version of the .30-inch M1917 Browning (a Maxim-type machine gun produced too late to see much fighting in World War I), the M2 was still widely used throughout the noncommunist world decades after World War II. Its cartridge delivered bullets of various weights and types at high muzzle velocities, with roughly five to seven times the energy of full rifle-power ammunition. The weapon was recoil-operated and air-cooled, and it fired at about 450 rounds per minute. The Soviet 12.7-mm weapon, the Degtyarov-Shpagin Krupnokaliberny 1938 (DShK-38), was similar, but it was gas-operated. It went into wide use in Soviet-supplied countries. Both of these weapons, as well as their successors (such as the Soviets’ Nikitin-Sokolov-Volkov, or NSV, machine gun), were used by infantry units on wheeled or tripod mounts, but they were also mounted on tanks to provide defensive fire against ground vehicles or aircraft.
Types of machine guns. There are two main definitions of the upper limit of caliber for machine guns: caliber larger than 12.7 millimeter (mm) (.50 caliber) caliber larger than 20 mm; Larger-caliber automatic weapons are generally referred to as autocannons.
11 de jul. de 2021 · Happiness is a belt-fed weapon. But what’s the origin story behind these fascinating pieces of machinery? Glad you asked... We’re going to explore the history behind machine guns and walk through the iterations over the years. By the end, you’ll be able to spout some cool facts about these rapid-fire guns to your range buddies.
