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Berlim (em alemão: Berlin, AFI: [bɛʁˈliːn], ouvir ⓘ) é a capital e um dos dezesseis estados da Alemanha. Com uma população de 3,5 milhões dentro de limites da cidade, é a maior cidade do país, e a sétima área urbana mais povoada da União Europeia. [4]
Berlin is the capital and largest city of Germany, both by area and by population. Its more than 3.85 million inhabitants make it the European Union's most populous city, as measured by population within city limits having gained this status after the United Kingdom's, and thus London's, departure from the European Union.
Berlin [bɛr'li:n] ist die Hauptstadt [12] und ein Land der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. [13] [14] Die Großstadt ist mit rund 3,8 Millionen Einwohnern die bevölkerungsreichste und mit 892 Quadratkilometern die flächengrößte Gemeinde Deutschlands sowie die bevölkerungsreichste Stadt der Europäischen Union. [4]
Há 1 dia · Berlin, capital and chief urban center of Germany. The city lies at the heart of the North German Plain, athwart an east-west commercial and geographic axis that helped make it the capital of the kingdom of Prussia and then, from 1871, of a unified Germany.
- Etymology
- Prehistory
- Emerging City
- Margraviate of Brandenburg
- Kingdom of Prussia
- German Empire
- Weimar Republic
- Nazi Germany
- West and East Germany
- Federal Republic of Germany
The origin of the name Berlin is uncertain. It may have roots in the language of East Slavic, the Proto-Slavic root berl-/berl- which means "bear." The meaning of the word was lost due to a superstition that is: saying the name would summon the wild animal; thus, people used alternate names such as "медведь" [medved'] (translates as 'the one who kn...
The oldest human traces, mainly arrowheads, in the area of later Berlin are dating to the 9th millennium BC. During Neolithic times a large number of villages existed in the area. During the Bronze Age it belonged to the Lusatian culture. For the time around 500 BC the presence of Germanic tribes can be evidenced for the first time in form of a num...
In the 12th century the region came under German rule as part of the Margraviate of Brandenburg, founded by Albert the Bear in 1157. At the end of the 12th century German merchants founded the first settlements in today's city center, called Berlin around modern Nikolaiviertel and Cölln, on the island in the Spree now known as the Spreeinsel or Mus...
In 1415, Frederick I became the elector of the Margraviate of Brandenburg, which he ruled until 1440. Subsequent members of the Hohenzollern family ruled until 1918 in Berlin, first as electors of Brandenburg, then as kings of Prussia, and finally as German emperors. When Berlin became the residence of the Hohenzollerns, it had to give up its Hanse...
In 1701, Elector Frederick III (1688–1701) crowned himself as Frederick I (1701–1713), King in Prussia. He was mostly interested in decorum: he ordered the building of the castle Charlottenburg in the west of the city.He made Berlin the capital of the new kingdom of Prussia. 1. 1709: Berlin counted 55,000 inhabitants, of whom 5,000 served in the Pr...
Imperial capital
After the quick victory of an alliance of German states over France in the 1870 war, the German Empire was established in 1871. Bismarck had fought and succeeded in leaving out Austria, Prussia's long standing competitor, and Prussia became the largest and by far most influential state in the new German Empire, and in turn Germany became the most powerful nation in Europe. Wilhelm I became emperor ("Kaiser"). Bismarck became Chancellor and made Berlin the center of European power politics. Th...
Labour unions
Berlin, with its large numbers of industrial workers by 1871 became the headquarters for most of the national labor organizations, and the favorite meeting place for labor intellectuals. Inside the city, the unions had a turbulent history. The conservative aftermath of the Revolution of 1848 drained their strength, and internal bickering was characteristic of the 1850s and 1860s. Many locals were under the control of reformist, bourgeois leaders who competed with each other and had a negative...
First World War
The "spirit of 1914" was the overwhelming, enthusiastic support of all elements of the population for war in 1914. In the Reichstag, the vote for credits was unanimous, with all the Socialists joining in. One professor testified to a "great single feeling of moral elevation of soaring of religious sentiment, in short, the ascent of a whole people to the heights."At the same time, there was a level of anxiety; most commentators predicted the short victorious war – but that hope was dashed in a...
At the end of World War I, monarchy and aristocracy were overthrown and Germany became a republic, known as the Weimar Republic. Berlin remained the capital but faced a series of threats from the far left and far right. In late 1918 politicians inspired by the Communist Revolution in Russia founded the Communist Party of Germany (Kommunistische Par...
By 1931, the Great Depression had severely damaged the city's economy. Politics were in chaos, as militias controlled by the Nazis and the Communists fought for control of the streets. President Hindenburg appointed Hitler chancellor in January 1933, and the Nazis quickly moved to take complete control of the entire nation. On February 27, 1933, a ...
By war's end up to a third of Berlin had been destroyed by concerted Allied air raids, Soviet artillery, and street fighting. The so-called Stunde Null—zero hour—marked a new beginning for the city. Greater Berlin was divided into four sectors by the Allies under the London Protocol of 1944, as follows: 1. the American sector (210.8 km2), consistin...
Reunification
The Fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989 ended the 28-year-long division of Berlin. On the morning of 9 November 1989, SED member Günter Schabowski announced at a press conference that border restrictions would be lifted between East and West Berlin. Although the conditions of the press release had been intended to be only temporary, Schabowski gave the impression that all restrictions would be lifted immediately, leading to large crowds forming on the eastern side of the border. Overwhel...
Capital
After the fall of Communism in Europe, on 3 October 1990 Germany and Berlin were both reunited. By then the Wall had been almost completely demolished, with only small sections remaining. Various impacts of partition on Berlin were removed in subsequent months - the ghost stations of Berlin U-Bahn were reopened and the Berlin S-Bahn which had been operated by the east German Deutsche Reichsbahn also in the west (until 1984) and consequently boycotted and neglected in the west was refurbished...
Land Changes of Berlin
While the status of west Berlin was de facto that of a Bundesland of west Germany, the de jure situation remained unclear until reunification made it a moot point. In the 1990s there was an attempt to merge the Land with the adjacent State of Brandenburg which failed in a referendum due to opposition in Brandenburg. The Berlin banking scandal of 2001 led to the Berlin's worst financial crisis since the second world war and strained state finances and caused austerity measures under then senat...
Berlin (/ b ɜːr ˈ l ɪ n /; German: [bɛʁˈliːn] ) is the capital city of Germany. It is the largest city in the European Union by population, with around 3.9 million people in 2024. Berlin residents come from about 190 different countries.
Learn about the historical epochs, the districts, the museums and the monuments of Berlin, the capital of Germany. Explore the events and the people that shaped the city from the medieval trading center to the new Berlin.
