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O Marechal-de-campo Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1º Conde Kitchener, KG, KP, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, ADC, PC (24 de junho de 1850 — 5 de junho de 1916) foi um militar graduado do Exército Britânico e administrador colonial que ganhou notoriedade por suas campanhas imperiais, incluindo ordens dadas de "terra arrasada" contra os ...
Field Marshal Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener (/ ˈ k ɪ tʃ ɪ n ər /; 24 June 1850 – 5 June 1916) was a British Army officer and colonial administrator. Kitchener came to prominence for his imperial campaigns, his involvement in the Second Boer War, and his central role in the early part of the First World War.
25 de abr. de 2024 · Horatio Herbert Kitchener, British field marshal, imperial administrator, commander in chief during the South African War, and secretary of state for war at the beginning of World War I. At that time he organized armies on a scale unprecedented in British history and became a symbol of the national will to victory.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Soldier and Statesman↑
- Expanding The Army↑
- Declining Authority↑
- Death and Legacy↑
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Early Career↑
Born near Listowel in County Kerry, Ireland, Horatio Herbert Kitchener (1850-1916) passed out of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, in December 1870 before being commissioned into the Royal Engineers. Much of his early career was spent in the Middle East and Egypt. Having become Sirdar (Commander-in-Chief) of the Egyptian army in 1892, he led it in the re-conquest of the Sudan and the defeat of the Khalifa at Omdurman in 1898. The following year, he was sent to South Africa as Chief of Sta...
Secretary of State for War↑
The next day, on 5 August, a reluctant Kitchener was persuaded by Prime Minister Herbert Henry Asquith (1852-1928)to accept the post of Secretary of State for War. Asquith himself had reservations, regarding the appointment as a “hazardous experiment”, but Kitchener’s move to the War Office was greeted with enormous enthusiasm by the general public.
Kitchener, like Douglas Haig (1861-1928), was almost alone among Britain’s leading soldiers and statesmen in predicting that the war would be costly and protracted and that millions of men would be required to achieve victory. He estimated that the conflict would last at least three years and that Britain’s full military strength could not be deplo...
Kitchener initially dominated the Cabinet, but he was uncomfortable in political debates and distrusted politicians, signs of mutual disenchantment soon becoming evident. Long accustomed to making his own decisions, he resented interference and was loath to delegate, making insufficient use of bodies such as the Army Council and General Staff, whic...
Kitchener drowned on 5 June 1916 when HMS Hampshire, carrying him on a mission to Russia, struck a mine and sank off the Orkneys. For all his shortcomings, Kitchener had created a mass army which was not only capable of fighting a major continental war, but which also – just as Kitchener had envisaged – played a key part in the ultimate Allied vict...
A biography of the British field marshal and secretary of state who expanded Britain's army and munitions during WW1. Learn about his early career, strategic views, and death at sea in 1916.
Learn about the life and career of Field Marshal Horatio Herbert Kitchener, a colonial commander and reformer who helped build Britain's first mass army for the First World War. Explore his achievements, controversies and legacy through objects, stories and images.
Horatio Herbert Kitchener, British field marshal, imperial administrator, commander in chief during the South African War, and secretary of state for war at the beginning of World War I. At that time he organized armies on a scale unprecedented in British history and became a symbol of the national will to victory.
Below is the article summary. For the full article, see Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener . H. H. Kitchener, later Earl Kitchener (of Khartoum and of Broome), (born June 24, 1850, near Listowel, Co. Kerry, Ire.—died June 5, 1916, at sea off Orkney Islands), British field marshal and imperial administrator.
