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Victoria Claflin Woodhull ( 23 de setembro de 1838 – 9 de junho de 1927) foi uma sufragista anarquista norte-americana, tornada famosa pelos jornais da Gilded Age como a líder do movimento pelo sufrágio das mulheres nos Estados Unidos da América do século XIX, e um símbolo da luta pelos direitos civis para as mulheres, pelo amor livre e por refo...
- Early Life and Education
- Marriages
- Careers
- Life in England and Third Marriage
- Views on Abortion and Eugenics
- Legacy and Honors
- Bibliography
- Literature
- External Links
Victoria California Claflin was born the seventh of ten children (six of whom survived to maturity), in the rural frontier town of Homer, Licking County, Ohio. Her mother, Mrs Roxanna "Roxy" Hummel Claflin, was born to unmarried parents and was illiterate. She had become a follower of the Austrian mystic Franz Mesmer and the new spiritualist moveme...
First marriage and family
When she was 14, Victoria met 28-year-old Canning Woodhull (listed as "Channing" in some records), a doctor from a town outside Rochester, New York. Her family had consulted him to treat the girl for a chronic illness. Woodhull practiced medicine in Ohio at a time when the state did not require formal medical education and licensing. By some accounts, Woodhull abducted Victoria to marry her. Woodhull claimed to be the nephew of Caleb Smith Woodhull, mayor of New York Cityfrom 1849 to 1851; he...
Second marriage
About 1866, Woodhull married Colonel James Harvey Blood, who also was marrying for a second time. He had served in the Union Army in Missouri during the American Civil War, and had been elected as city auditor of St. Louis, Missouri.
Free love
Woodhull's support of free love likely started after she discovered the infidelity of her first husband, Canning. Women who married in the United States during the 19th century were bound into the unions, even if loveless, with few options to escape. Divorce was limited by law and considered socially scandalous. Women who divorced were stigmatized and often ostracized by society. Victoria Woodhull concluded that women should have the choice to leave unbearable marriages.[page needed] Woodhull...
Stockbroker
Woodhull, with sister Tennessee (Tennie) Claflin, became the first female stockbrokers and in 1870 they opened a brokerage firm on Wall Street. Wall Street brokers were shocked. "Petticoats Among the Bovine and Ursine Animals," the New York Sun headlined. Woodhull, Claflin & Company opened in 1870, with the assistance of the wealthy Cornelius Vanderbilt, an admirer of Woodhull's skills as a medium; he is rumoured to have been Tennie's lover, and to have seriously considered marrying her. Wood...
Newspaper editor
On the date of May 14, 1870, Woodhull and Claflin used the money they had made from their brokerage to found a newspaper, the Woodhull & Claflin's Weekly, which at its height had a national circulation of 20,000. Its primary purpose was to support Victoria Claflin Woodhull for President of the United States. Published for the next six years, feminism was the Weekly's primary interest, but it became notorious for publishing controversial opinions on taboo topics, advocating among other things...
Women's rights advocate
Woodhull learned how to infiltrate the all-male domain of national politics and arranged to testify on women's suffrage before the House Judiciary Committee. In December 1870, she submitted a memorial in support of the New Departure to the House Committee. She read the memorial aloud to the Committee, arguing that women already had the right to vote – all they had to do was use it – since the 14th and 15th Amendments guaranteed the protection of that right for all citizens. The simple but pow...
In October 1876, Woodhull divorced her second husband, Colonel Blood. After Cornelius Vanderbilt's death in 1877, William Henry Vanderbilt paid Woodhull and her sister Claflin $1,000 (equivalent to $29,000 in 2023) to leave the country because he was worried they might testify in hearings on the distribution of the elder Vanderbilt's estate. The si...
Woodhull expressed thoughts on abortion: In one of her speeches, she states: At the Woodhull and Claflin's Weekly, on an essay called When Is It Not Murder to Take a Life?, she asserts: Later in the same essay she asks: Woodhull also promoted eugenics, which was popular in the early 20th century. Her views on eugenics tied into her views on abortio...
Woodhull was photographed several times by Mathew Brady, well known for his photographs of the American Civil War. There is a wall memorial to Victoria Woodhull Martin at Tewkesbury Abbeyin England. A historical marker outside the Homer Public Library in Licking County, Ohio describes Woodhull as the "First Woman Candidate For President of the Unit...
2010 - Selected writings of Victoria Woodhull. Suffrage, free love, and eugenics. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press ISBN 978-0-8032-1647-1
2000 - Jacqueline McLean. Victoria Woodhull. First woman presidential candidate. Morgan Reynolds ISBN 97818838464732004 - Amanda Frisken. Vicoria Woodhull's sexual revolution. Political theater and the popular press in nineteenthe-century America. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press ISBN 0-8122-3798-62010 - Selected writings of Victoria Woodhull. Suffrage, free love, and eugenics. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press ISBN 978-0-8032-1647-1Weston, Victoria. America's Victoria, Remembering Victoria Woodhull features Gloria Steinem and actress Kate Capshaw. Zoie Films Productions (1998). PBS and Canadian Broadcasts. America's Victoria:...Biographical timeline Archived October 2, 2006, at the Wayback MachineVictoria Woodhull, Anthony Comstock, and Conflict over Sex in the United States in the 1870s, The Journal of American History, 87, No. 2, September 2000, by Helen Lefkowitz Horowitz, pp. 403–43416 de abr. de 2024 · Victoria Woodhull, unconventional American reformer, who at various times championed such diverse causes as women’s suffrage, free love, mystical socialism, and the Greenback movement. She was also the first woman to run for the U.S. presidency (1872). Learn more about Woodhull’s life and career.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Victoria Woodhull. 1838-1927. By Mariana Brandman, NWHM Predoctoral Fellow in Women’s History | 2020-2022. The first woman to run for president and the first female stock broker on Wall Street, Victoria Woodhull achieved remarkable success in finance, journalism, and politics.
7 de nov. de 2022 · Playlist. 150 years ago, Victoria Woodhull became the first woman in American history to run for president, at a time when most women couldn't even vote. AILSA CHANG, HOST: One hundred fifty...
- Joe Richman
25 de jan. de 2021 · Victoria Claflin Woodhull was one of the 19th century’s most colorful characters. She was a women’s rights and suffrage advocate, a popular public speaker, a newspaper publisher who introduced American audiences to the works of Karl Marx, the first woman to operate a Wall Street brokerage firm, and the first female presidential candidate in 1872.
2 de abr. de 2014 · Womens Rights Activists. Victoria Woodhull was a spiritualist, activist, politician and author who was the first woman to run for the presidency of the United States. Updated: Jul 8, 2020....
