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This verb has two basic meanings: In a less marked context it is a simple copula ( I’m tired; That’s a shame! ), a function which in non-Indo-European languages can be expressed quite differently. In a more heavily marked context it expresses existence ( I think therefore I am ); the dividing line between these is not always easy to draw.
The document summarizes the Indo-European language family. It is one of the largest language families, native to Europe, Iran, and northern India. It includes major languages like English, Spanish, French, Russian, and Hindi. All Indo-European languages descend from a reconstructed common ancestor called Proto-Indo-European, believed to have been spoken over 5,000 years ago on the Pontic ...
Some are based on Indo-European languages (e.g. Krio from English in Sierra Leone and the very similar Pidgin in Nigeria, Ghana and parts of Cameroon; Cape Verdean Creole in Cape Verde and Guinea-Bissau Creole in Guinea-Bissau and Senegal, all from Portuguese; Seychellois Creole in the Seychelles and Mauritian Creole in Mauritius, both from French); some are based on Arabic (e.g. Juba Arabic ...
A diagram of the "Indo-Aryan" branch of the Indo-European family. * A chart of the western (Centum) Indo-European languages *. One proposed diffusion map (among many)-- this one is from "The Early History of the Indo-European Languages," by Thomas V. Gamkrelidze and V. V. Ivanov (Scientific American, March 1990:110) Another proposed diffusion ...
The Indo-European migrations are hypothesized migrations of Proto-Indo-European language (PIE) speakers, and subsequent migrations of people speaking derived Indo-European languages, which took place approx. 4000 to 1000 BCE, potentially explaining how these languages came to be spoken across a large area of Eurasia, spanning from the Indian subcontinent and Iranian plateau to Atlantic Europe ...
Pre-Indo-European may refer to: Pre-Indo-European languages, several (not necessarily related) ancient languages in prehistoric Europe and South Asia before the arrival of Indo-European languages. Pre-Proto-Indo-European, theoretical reconstruction of language earlier than the Proto-Indo-European language. Old Europe (archaeology), a Neolithic ...
The term "Indo-Semitic" was first used by Graziadio Ascoli (Cuny 1943:1), a leading advocate of this relationship. Although this term has been used by a number of scholars since (e.g. Adams and Mallory 2006:83), there is no universally accepted term for this grouping at the present time. In German the term indogermanisch-semitisch, 'Indo ...
