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  1. The Indo-European languages are a language family native to the overwhelming majority of Europe, the Iranian plateau, and the northern Indian subcontinent. Some European languages of this family— English, French, Portuguese, Russian, Dutch, and Spanish —have expanded through colonialism in the modern period and are now spoken across several ...

  2. Warren Cowgill Jay H. Jasanoff. Indo-European languages - Characteristics, Developments, & Dialects: As Proto-Indo-European was splitting into the dialects that were to become the first generation of daughter languages, different innovations spread over different territories. Indo-Iranian, Balto-Slavic, Armenian, and Albanian agree in changing ...

  3. 2 Proto-Indo-European Culture and Archaeology 16 Introduction (§§2.1-2) 16 Society (§§2.3-16) 17 Religion, Ritual, and Myth (§§2.17-36) 22 Poetics (§§2.37-45) 29 Personal Names (§§2.46-49) 34 Archaeology and the PIE Homeland Question (§§2.50-73) 35 For Further Reading 44 For Review 45 Exercises 45 3 Proto-Indo-European Phonology 48

  4. Archaeologist David W. Anthony and linguist Donald Ringe distinguish three different cultural stages in the evolution of the Proto-Indo-European language: Early (4500–4000), the common ancestor of all attested Indo-European languages, before the Anatolian split (Cernavodă culture; 4000 BCE); associated with the early Khvalynsk culture,

  5. Proto-Indo-European: The original language from which all Indo-European languages descend from. Based on shared features or differences between the various Indo-European languages linguists have managed to reconstruct what that language might have sounded like. Often abbreviated to PIE. Proto-Indo-European religion: Similarly to the language ...

  6. Description. This revised and expanded edition provides a comprehensive overview of comparative Indo-European linguistics and the branches of the Indo-European language family, covering both linguistic and cultural material. Now offering even greater coverage than the first edition, it is the definitive introduction to the field.