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Within this it is assigned to the West Germanic group, and its nearest relative is Frisian (still spoken by a few thousand people on the coasts and islands of northern Germany and the Netherlands), with which OE shared some common developments (for example, raising of Germanic (Gmc) /a/ to /æ/: ‘Anglo-Frisian brightening’).
The Anglo-Saxons: How They Lived and Worked, London 1976 Leviso;tJ., W. 19§4' England and the Continent in the Eighth Century, Oxford Iindauer, J. 1967 Tacitus: Germania, Reinbeck Lot, F. 1934 Nennius et l'Historia Brittonum, Paris Loyn, H.R. 1977 The Vikings in Britain, London Lyons, J.M. 1918 "Frisian Place-Names in England", Proceedings of the Modern Language Association 33:644-55 ...
The first example which I would like to discuss concerns so-called "Anglo-Frisian Brightening" or the "First Fronting" in Old English. According to the well-known traditional accounts found in the handbooks (cf. Brunner [1965] and Campbell [1959]), pre-Old English a was spontaneously fronted to ce, except when followed by w, a nasal cluster, or a consonant plus a back vowel.
Within this it is assigned to the West Germanic group, and its nearest relative is Frisian (still spoken by a few thousand people on the coasts and islands of northern Germany and the Netherlands), with which OE shared some common developments (for example, raising of Germanic (Gmc) /a/ to /æ/: ‘Anglo-Frisian brightening’).
Anglo-Frisian Brightening (henceforth: AFB), can be handled in a synchronic gram-mar of Old English. In general they employ an SPE type of phonological framework with at times extremely abstract underlying forms and ordered rules, but in this case their analysis does not stray too far from the surface. Starting out from the phonolog-
The Anglo-Frisian brightening 3. Two processes of vowel epenthesis: breaking and back umlaut 4. Palatalisation and I-umlaut 5. Strengthening and weakening of obstruents: fricative voicing assignment, continuancy adjustment, and some related processes 6.
