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Ancient Rome became a territorial empire while still a republic, but was then ruled by Roman emperors beginning with Augustus (r. 27 BC – AD 14), becoming the Roman Empire following the death of the last republican dictator, the first emperor's adoptive father Julius Caesar.
A republic, based on the Latin phrase res publica ('public affair'), is a state in which political power rests with the public through their elected representatives —in contrast to a monarchy. [1] [2] Representation in a republic may or may not be freely elected by the general citizenry. In many historical republics, representation has been ...
The Roman Republic ( Italian: Repubblica Romana) was a sister republic of the First French Republic. It was proclaimed on 15 February 1798 after Louis-Alexandre Berthier, a general of the French Revolutionary Army under the rule of Napoleon Bonaparte, had occupied the city of Rome on 10 February. It was led by a Directory of five men and ...
The Roman army of the late Republic refers to the armed forces deployed by the late Roman Republic, from the beginning of the first century BC until the establishment of the Imperial Roman army by Augustus in 30 BC. Shaped by major social, political, and economic change, the late Republic saw the transition from the Roman army of the mid ...
Tito Livio , Ab Urbe condita libri , II, 1.) Quella della Repubblica rappresentò una fase lunga, complessa e decisiva della storia romana: costituì un periodo di enormi trasformazioni per Roma, che da piccola città stato quale era alla fine del VI secolo a.C. divenne, alla vigilia della fondazione dell' Impero , la capitale di un vasto e complesso Stato, formato da una miriade di popoli e ...
Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus ( c. 163 – 133 BC) was a Roman politician best known for his agrarian reform law entailing the transfer of land from the Roman state and wealthy landowners to poorer citizens. He had also served in the Roman army, fighting in Africa during the Third Punic War and in Spain during the Numantine War.
This is a timeline of Roman history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in the Roman Kingdom and Republic and the Roman and Byzantine Empires. To read about the background of these events, see Ancient Rome and History of the Byzantine Empire . Following tradition, this timeline marks the deposition of ...
