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As the Proto-Indo-European language (PIE) broke up, its sound system diverged as well, as evidenced in various sound laws associated with the daughter Indo-European languages . Especially notable is the palatalization that produced the satem languages, along with the associated ruki sound law. Other notable changes include:
The North Germanic languages make up one of the three branches of the Germanic languages —a sub-family of the Indo-European languages —along with the West Germanic languages and the extinct East Germanic languages. The language group is also referred to as the Nordic languages, a direct translation of the most common term used among Danish ...
Indo-European: Indo-Aryan: 345 million 266 million: 610 million Spanish (excl. creole languages) Indo-European: Romance: 485 million 74 million: 559 million French (excl. creole languages) Indo-European: Romance: 81 million 229 million: 310 million Modern Standard Arabic (excl. dialects) Afro-Asiatic: Semitic: 0: 274 million: 274 million ...
This verb has two basic meanings: In a less marked context it is a simple copula ( I’m tired; That’s a shame! ), a function which in non-Indo-European languages can be expressed quite differently. In a more heavily marked context it expresses existence ( I think therefore I am ); the dividing line between these is not always easy to draw.
A diagram of the "Indo-Aryan" branch of the Indo-European family. * A chart of the western (Centum) Indo-European languages *. One proposed diffusion map (among many)-- this one is from "The Early History of the Indo-European Languages," by Thomas V. Gamkrelidze and V. V. Ivanov (Scientific American, March 1990:110) Another proposed diffusion ...
Turanian languages. Turanian is an obsolete language-family proposal subsuming most of the languages of Eurasia not included in Indo-European, Semitic and Chinese . During the 19th century, inspired by the establishment of the Indo-European family, scholars looked for similarly widespread families elsewhere. [1]
Luwian ( / ˈluːwiən / ), sometimes known as Luvian or Luish, is an ancient language, or group of languages, within the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European language family. The ethnonym Luwian comes from Luwiya (also spelled Luwia or Luvia) – the name of the region in which the Luwians lived. Luwiya is attested, for example, in the ...
