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John Dudley ( Londres, 1501 / 1504 - Londres, 1553) foi visconde Lisle, Conde de Warwick, Duque de Northumberland e Lorde Protetor da Inglaterra. Amigo de Henrique VIII, foi notável militar. Fez maiores progressos ainda sob seu filho Eduardo VI em 1547: achava o Protetor Somerset muito moderado.
John Dudley foi visconde Lisle, Conde de Warwick, Duque de Northumberland e Lorde Protetor da Inglaterra.
Duque de Northumberland é um título nobiliárquico que teve três criações, duas no Pariato da Inglaterra e uma, a actual, no Pariato da Grã-Bretanha. O actual detentor do título é Ralph Percy, 12.º Duque de Northumberland .
- Career Under Henry VIII
- From Earl of Warwick to Duke of Northumberland
- Ruling England
- 1553
- Assessments
- See Also
- References
- External Links
John Dudley was the eldest of three sons of Edmund Dudley, a councillor of Henry VII, and his second wife Elizabeth Grey, daughter of Edward Grey, 1st Viscount Lisle. His father was attainted and executed for high treason in 1510, having been arrested immediately after Henry VIII's accession because the new king needed scapegoatsfor his predecessor...
The 16 executors of Henry VIII's will also embodied the Regency Council that had been appointed to rule collectively during Edward VI's minority. The new Council agreed on making Edward Seymour, Earl of Hertford Lord Protector with full powers, which in effect were those of a prince. At the same time the Council awarded themselves a round of promot...
Instead of taking the title of Lord Protector, John Dudley set out to rule as primus inter pares, the working atmosphere being more conciliar and less autocratic than under Somerset. The new Lord President of the Council reshuffled some high offices, becoming Grand Master of the Household himself and giving Somerset's former office of Lord Treasure...
Changing the succession
The 15-year-old King fell seriously ill in February 1553. His sister Mary was invited to visit him, the Council doing "duty and obeisance to her as if she had been Queen of England". The King recovered somewhat, and in April Northumberland restored Mary's full title and arms as Princess of England, which she had lost in the 1530s. He also kept her informed about Edward's condition. About this time a set of drawn-out marriage negotiations came to conclusion. On 21 May 1553 Guildford Dudley, No...
Downfall
Edward VI died on 6 July 1553. The next morning Northumberland sent his son Robert into Hertfordshire with 300 men to secure the person of Mary Tudor. Aware of her half-brother's condition, the Princess had only days before moved to East Anglia, where she was the greatest landowner. She began to assemble an armed following and sent a letter to the council, demanding to be recognised as queen. It arrived on 10 July, the day Jane Grey was proclaimed as queen. The Duke of Northumberland's oratio...
Trial and execution
Northumberland was tried on 18 August 1553 in Westminster Hall. The panels of the jury and judges were largely made up of his former colleagues. Dudley hinted that he had acted on the authority of Prince and Council and by warrant of the Great Seal. Answered that the Great Seal of a usurper was worth nothing, he asked "whether any such persons as were equally culpable of that crime ... might be his judges". After sentence was passed, he begged the Queen's mercy for his five sons, the eldest o...
Historical reputation
A black legend about the Duke of Northumberland was already in the making when he was still in power, the more after his fall. From the last days of Henry VIII he was to have planned, years in advance, the destruction of both King Edward's Seymour uncles—Lord Thomas and the Protector—as well as Edward himself. He also served as an indispensable scapegoat: It was the most practical thing for Queen Mary to believe that Dudley had been acting all alone and it was in nobody's interest to doubt it...
Personality
John Dudley's recantation of his Protestant faith before his execution delighted Queen Mary and enraged Lady Jane. The general opinion, especially among Protestants, was that he tried to seek a pardon by this move. Historians have often believed that he had no faith whatsoever, being a mere cynic. Further explanations—both contemporary and modern—have been that Northumberland sought to rescue his family from the axe, that, in the face of catastrophe, he found a spiritual home in the church of...
Bibliography
1. Adams, Simon (ed.) (1995): Household Accounts and Disbursement Books of Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, 1558–1561, 1584–1586. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-55156-0. 2. Adams, Simon (2002): Leicester and the Court: Essays in Elizabethan Politics. Manchester University Press. ISBN 0-7190-5325-0. 3. Alford, Stephen (2002): Kingship and Politics in the Reign of Edward VI. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-03971-0. 4. Beer, B.L. (1973): Northumberland: The Political Career o...
Pollard, Albert Frederick (1911). "Northumberland, John Dudley, Duke of" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). pp. 788–789.John Dudley, duke of Northumberland was an English politician and soldier who was the virtual ruler of England from 1549 to 1553, during the minority of King Edward VI. Almost all historical sources regard him as an unscrupulous schemer whose policies undermined England’s political stability.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
"John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland, KG (1504[1] ? 22 August 1553) was an English general, admiral, and politician, who led the government of the young King Edward VI from 1550 until 1553, and unsuccessfully tried to install Lady Jane Grey on the English throne after the King's death.
John Dudley (1501 - 1553, em Londres) foi visconde Lisle, Conde de Warwick, Duque de Northumberland. Lord Protetor da Inglaterra. Amigo de Henrique VIII, foi notável militar. Fez maiores progressos ainda sob seu filho Eduardo VI em 1547: achava o Protetor Somerset muito moderado. Intrigou contra a família dos Seymour.
