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10 de ago. de 2010 · While state borders remain the pre-eminent frontiers within geopolitics, regional blocs are also acquiring frontier characteristics. How might we understand the function and identity of such frontiers? Taking the European Union as its focus, this article offers answers to these questions by developing the idea of geostrategy.
- William Walters
- 2004
- The Frontiers of the European Union
- 4 The Case of French Frontiers
- 6 The Case of the Eastern Frontier of the European Union
- III
- 2 Theory
- Cultural frontiers
- The globalisation debate and images of frontiers
- Theory and practice
- 3 Internal Frontier Issues
- ‘Natural’ frontiers?
- Sparse and dense exchanges
- 4 The Case of French Frontiers
- Perceptions of territory
- FRANCE
- GERMANY
- The external frontier
- The Swiss frontier
- The cultural frontier
- Conclusion – the local, the European and the global
- Microstates, overseas territories and autonomous regions
- Scandinavian external frontiers
- The Mediterranean frontier
- Conclusion
- IV
- Notes
Also by Malcolm Anderson FRONTIERS: Territory and State Formation in the Contemporary World THE FRONTIERS OF EUROPE (co-editor with Eberhard Bort) THE IRISH BORDER: History, Politics and Culture (with Eberhard Bort) POLICING THE EUROPEAN UNION (co-author) Also by Eberhard Bort BOUNDARIES AND IDENTITIES: The Eastern Frontier of the European Union TH...
Perceptions of territory Sensitive frontiers – from military to economic vulnerability The French–Italian frontier The Pyrenees frontier Policing the frontiers The cultural frontier Conclusion – the local, the European and the global
Enlargement: setting the scene Strategies Conclusion
Much variation was evidenced in interviews and visits to most of the frontier regions of the EU in elite attitudes towards frontiers and terri-tory, and the significance of the control of territory. A total of 130 interviews were conducted in 14 European countries (Norway, Swe-den, Finland, Poland, Germany, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Luxembo...
Frontiers are linked to a number of complex arguments, discussed both by political theorists and, in different terms, by politicians. The purpose of this chapter is to identify some of the general features of these arguments. We are not proposing a grand new theory of frontiers which, in our view, is premature. Rather, it is designed to give an ove...
In the last two centuries, as state sovereignty was translated into national sovereignty in a progressively democratised Europe, cultural homogeneity, in the sense of belonging to a national culture, replaced religious uniformity, as a perceived requirement for political stability. From the eighteenth century, a debate was initiated on whether the ...
Globalisation is a vague concept but usually refers to a vast process of change with political, economic, strategic, social and cultural dimen-sions. Important connections exist between these: all of them, it is argued, point to major shifts in social, political and economic relation-ships. ‘The world society created by globalisation cuts across na...
Theoretical arguments or statements about physical geography, sover-eignty, security, culture and globalisation affect the way in which fron-tiers are perceived by political actors. Positive connections are made between these concepts, such as the belief that cultural homogeneity legitimises the exercise of sovereign authority, and negative associa...
This chapter focuses on six topics; the first three are brief reviews of wide-ranging subjects, and the second three treat contemporary issues in more detail. The first topic is the general acceptance of the legiti-macy of existing internal frontiers, although some of the factors which have encouraged past changes in the political map of Europe may...
Some EU internal frontiers are etched deeply in the imagination of European peoples – the sea frontiers of Britain, the Pyrenean frontier, the Alpine crest for Italy and the Rhine–Danube where these rivers cor-respond to the old Roman limes. Physical features have, at various 45 times in history, been regarded as ‘natural frontiers’ by governments ...
Contemporary internal EU frontiers vary in terms of the densities of the population they divide and volumes of traffic which cross them. Variations have complex effects and there are no consistent relation-ships between these factors and political effects. However, free access to the other side of the frontier and heavy cross-border traffic create ...
No individual member state of the EU is representative of all of them, but France provides an illustration of key European issues. Ideas of national sovereignty, the unity of the national territory, and the bureaucratisation and centralisation of the state first made their appearance in France: these characteristics contribute to a sensitivity abou...
A clearly defined sense of French territory began with the emergence of the idea of ‘natural’ frontiers in the late sixteenth century and was deeply embedded from the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Two continu-ing characteristics of France are a strong administrative state and emphasis on the importance of territorial integrity. The Revolutionary slog...
CHARENTES LIMOUSIN BOURGOGNE Freiburg-im-Breisgau Mulhouse FRANCHE- Basel COMTE '
CENTRE Strasbourg Colmar BOURGOGNE Mulhouse FRANCHE-COMTE Basel
The EU external frontier, in the French case, is the coastline, seaports, airports and the land frontier with Switzerland. The French coastline, relatively well policed, is less vulnerable than that of other EU member states such as Britain, Spain, Italy and Greece. Most of the coastline is without serious continuing problems, although tobacco and ...
The Franco-Swiss frontier causes relatively few policing problems. But it has a common characteristic shared with all of Switzerland’s neigh-bours. The entire length of the Swiss land frontier is an EU external frontier, and the neighbouring states of Switzerland are all members of Schengen. The Schengen countries refuse to treat multilaterally wit...
The term ‘culture’ in France is usually closely linked with the French language, with territory and with a ‘patrimony’ or national heritage. A threat to the French nation is often conceived to be associated with the idea of globalisation – domination of English as the international lan-guage, homogenisation of tastes (particularly popular tastes), ...
The frontiers of France show a variety of local experience and a com-plexity of attitudes regarding frontiers; the policing of frontiers is a mixture of pragmatism in deployment of resources and a response to European policy changes; the use of the control of territory to conserve language and culture is a sometimes nebulous, but persistent concern...
These entities illustrate the uncertain and fragmented character of the external frontier. These entities have varied and anomalous relation-ships with member states and the EU. The status of Europe’s microstates, overseas territories and autonomous regions, and their relation to the framework of the European treaties, is, to say the least, complex...
The Norwegian and Icelandic decisions to stay outside the EU did not create trade and economic problems since both have open access to the EU market through EFTA and EEA agreements. However, the imple-mentation of the Schengen system in March 1995 created a difficult situation for Scandinavia because of the existence of the Nordic free movement are...
The Mediterranean ‘blue frontier’ is the most problematic of the exter-nal maritime frontiers of the EU. Intractable political conflicts, result-ing in both wars and terrorist action, complicate political relationships between the EU and its neighbours. Trafficking and landing of illegal goods and persons occur on all sea frontiers of the EU, but t...
The external frontier still is a hybrid: for one set of functions (legal, tax, finance regulation, social and health systems, etc.) member states’ frontiers are fundamental, for another agreed set of functions (movement of people, customs) it is the European or at least Schengen external frontier which predominates. But this review of the northern,...
There is a crucial link between the perception of a frontier and a sense of identity. The openness and complexity of the external frontier suggest that the emerging European identity will be more pluralistic, less intensely felt, than national identities. This may contribute either to stability or produce a new form of disorder. Such disorder would...
Introduction The Channel Tunnel provides a fixed link between England and France and has some of the characteristics of a land frontier. For example, there are joint police stations at both ends of the tunnel. But, unlike land frontiers, it is what frontier police call a ‘choke point’, in that all people and goods have to pass through a narrow and,...
the eastern European parklands, the other defined by the border between Eastern and Western Christianity. The first frontier was also the one between sedentary and nomadic populations and, eventually, between Christianity and Islam. The second goes back to the division of the Roman Empire between Rome and
Others involved in that first step included the statesmen Alcide De Gasperi and Paul-Henri Spaak. All except Monnet were men from Europe’s linguistic and political frontiers—Schuman from Lorraine, Adenauer from the Rhineland, De Gasperi from northern Italy, Spaak from bilingual Belgium. Europe’s diversity thus helped foster its impulse to ...
18 de nov. de 2016 · Hancock contrasts the landward extension by the Germans towards Poland and Russia of the medieval European frontier, which was primarily a frontier of cultivation backed up by the armed force of the Teutonic Knights, with the maritime frontier in the Mediterranean and the Atlantic that was first an Italian and then an Iberian ...
- Ronald Findlay, Mats Lundahl
- 2017
18 de nov. de 2016 · As Archibald Lewis has pointed out, between 1250 and 1350 the frontier was closed in Europe: both the external frontier and the internal, cultivation, frontier (for lack of virgin lands).
more than the first phenomenon was a case of reversion to the Germanic mark. The fact is, that here is a new product that is American. At first, the frontier was the Atlantic coast. It was the frontier of Europe in a very real sense. Moving westward, the frontier became more and more American. As
