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De jure segregation was the legal separation of Black and White people in the South during the Jim Crow era, while de facto segregation was the social and voluntary separation of the races. Learn how these terms apply to education, history, and current issues in the United States.
Learn the difference between de facto and de jure segregation, two forms of racial discrimination in the US. De facto segregation is by individual preference, while de jure segregation is by law.
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- De Facto Segregation Definition
- De Facto vs. de Jure Segregation
- De Facto Segregation in Schools and Other Current Examples
- Sources and Further Reference
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De facto segregation is the separation of groups that happens even though it is not required or sanctioned by law. Rather than an intentionally legislated effort to separate the groups, de facto segregation is the result of custom, circumstance, or personal choice. So-called urban “white flight” and neighborhood “gentrification” are two modern exam...
In contrast to de facto segregation, which happens as a matter of fact, de jure segregation is the separation of groups of people imposed by law. For example, the Jim Crow lawslegally separated Black and White people in almost all aspects of life throughout the southern United States from the 1880s to 1964. De jure segregation can breed de facto se...
The U.S. Supreme Court’s landmark ruling in the 1954 case of Brown vs. Board of Education, coupled with the enactment of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, effectively banned de jure segregation in education. However, de facto racial segregation continues to divide many of America’s public school systems today. Since school district assignment depends p...
Kye, Samuel H. "The Persistence of White Flight in Middle-Class Suburbia." Science Direct (May 2018).Greenblatt, Alan. "White Flight Returns, This Time From the Suburbs." Governing (June 2018).Zuk, Miriam, et al. "Gentrification, Displacement and the Role of Public Investment." University of California Berkeley (2015).Florida, Richard. "This Is What Happens After a Neighborhood Gets Gentrified." The Atlantic (Sept. 16, 2015).De facto segregation is the separation of groups that happens by fact, circumstance, or choice, rather than by law. Learn how de facto segregation differs from de jure segregation and see current examples in housing, education, and sex.
- Robert Longley
This chapter explores the legal distinction between de jure and de facto segregation in public schools, and how it evolved from Brown v. Board of Education to Parents Involved. It examines the origins, cases, and challenges of school desegregation outside the South, and the role of intent and colorblindness in constitutional law.
28 de fev. de 2021 · De jure segregation is the legally enforced separation of people by race, gender, or age. Learn how it differs from de facto segregation, which is based on social or personal factors, and see examples of de jure segregation in U.S. history and law.
- Robert Longley
25 de jun. de 2016 · De facto segregation is racial separation that happens by fact, not by law. Learn how it differs from de jure segregation, and how it affects education, housing, and other aspects of society.
6 de mai. de 2024 · Racial segregation, the splitting of communities into racial groups in housing, education, and other uses of community spaces and civic life, is legally understood to be either de jure - resulting from the actions of the state, or de facto - occurring through natural preference or happenstance.
