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Most reptiles have seven mobile cervical vertebrae including a three-part atlas and axis. The number of cervical vertebrae in snakes remains unresolved with some authors identifying just two (atlas and axis) vertebrae, others identify three, other investigators claim seven or eight, and yet
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30 de ago. de 2019 · The anatomy of the cervical spine shows a large variability among tetrapods; whereas the number of vertebrae is highly variable in reptiles and birds, all mammals possess seven cervical vertebrae, with the only exception of sloths (which have 5–9 cervical vertebrae depending on the species) and manatees (six cervical vertebrae) .
- Fabio Galbusera, Tito Bassani
- 10.3390/biomimetics4030060
- 2019
- Biomimetics (Basel). 2019 Sep; 4(3): 60.
In humans, cervical vertebrae are the smallest of the true vertebrae and can be readily distinguished from those of the thoracic or lumbar regions by the presence of a foramen (hole) in each transverse process, through which the vertebral artery, vertebral veins, and inferior cervical ganglion pass.
Abstract. The elongated, snake-like skeleton, as it has convergently evolved in numerous reptilian and amphibian lineages, is from a developmental biologist’s point of view amongst the most fascinating anatomical peculiarities in the animal kingdom.
- Joost M Woltering
- 10.2174/138920212800793302
- 2012
- Curr Genomics. 2012 Jun; 13(4): 289-299.
4 de fev. de 2019 · Cervical Intercentrum System (CeIS) Re-characterization and new material of Dinilysia patagonica. Unsuspected vertebral features for the cervicals of the fossil snake Dinilysia patagonica were ...
- Fernando Fabio Garberoglio, Raúl Albero Gómez, Raúl Albero Gómez, Tiago R. Simões, Michael Wayne Cal...
- 2019
24 de ago. de 2020 · In comparative anatomy, the notion prevails that reptiles lack an IVD because of their procoelous and opisthocoelous vertebral centrum morphology 1,3,4,16, forming a synovial ball-and-socket joint.
25 de set. de 2023 · Rib-bearing vertebrae in the cervical region are a plesiomorphic characteristic widespread in amniotes, especially in reptiles (Gaffney, 1985; Spadliński et al., 2016). The atlas and axis have unique morphologies in all amniotes that facilitate head rotation (Galbusera & Bassani, 2019; Panjabi et al., 1988).
