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8 de fev. de 2024 · Eczema (or atopic dermatitis) is a general term that refers to a group of chronic and relapsing skin conditions that cause inflamed skin. Signs and symptoms of atopic dermatitis include rash, pruritus and xerosis.
- Terminology
- Pathophysiology
- Classification
- Symptoms
- Prognosis
- Epidemiology
- Signs and symptoms
- Mechanism
- Diagnosis
- Nomenclature
Eczema is a common skin condition with multiple clinical patterns, characterised histologically by a spongiotic tissue reaction pattern. The terms eczema and dermatitis are often used interchangeably to denote a polymorphic inflammatory reaction pattern involving the epidermis and dermis. However, 'dermatitis' means inflammation of the skin and is ...
The spongiotic tissue reaction pattern is characterised by intercellular oedema within the epidermis (spongiosis). Initially, there is a widening of intercellular spaces between keratinocytes and elongation of the intercellular bridges. Further accumulation of fluid leads to the formation of intraepidermal vesicles. Spongiotic dermatitis is a dynam...
Clinically, eczema is grouped according to aetiology. Histologically, it is more useful to classify eczema based on chronicity. Histologically, there are three stages of eczema: acute, subacute, and chronic. An eczematous disease may start at any stage and evolve into another.
This is the most frequently encountered type of spongiotic dermatitis. The degree of spongiosis and exocytosis of inflammatory cells is mild to moderate. Irregular acanthosis and parakeratosis are additional features compared with acute spongiotic dermatitis. A superficial dermal perivascular lymphohistiocytic inflammatory infiltrate, swelling of e...
In chronic spongiotic dermatitis, the degree of spongiosis is often mild and difficult to appreciate. Vesiculation is uncommon. There is significant epidermal acanthosis, which may show a psoriasiform pattern with hyperkeratosis, hypergranulosis and minimal parakeratosis. Fibrosis of the papillary dermis may be present (figure 3).
Atopic dermatitis is a common skin condition, particularly in children and is associated with personal and family history of atopy. Although acute and subacute spongiotic patterns have been described in atopic dermatitis, these are far less common than chronic spongiosis. Interestingly, a follicular pattern is not uncommon which shows spongiosis of...
Discoid eczema or nummular dermatitis is a particularly chronic eczema characterised clinically by papules or papulovesicles which coalesce into coin-shaped patches. Histological changes vary with chronicity. Early lesions show moderate spongiosis with mild acanthosis and exocytosis of inflammatory cells. With time, the degree of acanthosis increas...
Id reaction or autoeczematisation describes the occurrence of generalised eczema in response to a localised dermatosis or infection at a distant site. Clinically the Id reaction is polymorphous including pompholyx-like reactions affecting hands and feet or more generalised papular eruptions. Histology of the id reaction often mimics that of the ini...
Acral skin can be easily identified histologically due to the thickness of the stratum corneum and absence of follicular structures. The acute form of vesicular hand dermatitis is characterised by intraepidermal spongiotic vesicles or bullae. The epidermal thickness is normal (figure 13). In chronic hand dermatitis, there is a predominance of parak...
More often than not, histopathologic examination does not allow for a more explicit designation of the aetiology or pathogenesis. It is incumbent on the pathologist to attempt to be as specific as possible, and on the referring physician to provide pertinent clinical information.
The histopathology of atopic eczema shares certain similarities with contact, nummular, and dyshidrotic dermatitis and the so-called id reaction. Download to read the full chapter text Chapter PDF
- E. Eckert
- 1991
21 de jun. de 2018 · Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a complex pathophysiology. Although it is not a life-threatening disease, it has considerable effects on the quality of life.
- Stephan Weidinger
1 de mar. de 2024 · Eczema, or atopic dermatitis, is the most common form of dermatitis. Many factors, including genetic and environmental factors, are thought to play a part in the pathogenesis of eczema. It is most commonly seen in children but can be seen in adults as well.
- Valerie Nemeth, Hasnain A. Syed, Justin Evans
- 2024/03/01
14 de mar. de 2024 · Atopic dermatitis’ histopathology is mainly represented by spongiosis and perivascular dermal infiltration of T cells and macrophages. Atopic dermatitis has a chronic and fluctuating course that can lead to a decreased quality of life for patients, so it is important to recognize and treat AD when applicable.
17 de mai. de 2010 · Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and relapsing disease affecting an increasing number of patients. Usually starting in early childhood, AD can be the initial step of the so-called atopic march, i.e. followed by allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma.
