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The Three Gorges Dam (simplified Chinese: 三峡大坝; traditional Chinese: 三峽大壩; pinyin: Sānxiá Dàbà) is a hydroelectric gravity dam that spans the Yangtze River near Sandouping in Yiling District, Yichang, Hubei province, central China, downstream of the Three Gorges.
- December 14, 1994
- ¥203 billion (US$31.765 billion)
- 2003
- Overview
- Physical description and capacity of the Three Gorges Dam
Three Gorges Dam, dam on the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang) just west of the city of Yichang in Hubei province, China. When construction of the dam officially began in 1994, it was the largest engineering project in China. At the time of its completion in 2006, it was the largest dam structure in the world. The dam and accompanying hydroelectric plant were built in phases and over the course of many years. It reached its full generating capacity in 2012. The dam allows the navigation of oceangoing freighters and generates hydroelectric power. It was also intended to provide protection from floods, but efficacy on this point is unclear and has been debated.
While the construction of the Three Gorges Dam was an engineering feat, it has also been fraught with controversy: construction of the dam caused the displacement of at least 1.3 million people and the destruction of natural features and countless rare architectural and archaeological sites. The dam’s reservoir is blamed for an increase in the number of landslides and earthquakes in the region.
A straight-crested concrete gravity structure, the Three Gorges Dam is 2,335 metres (7,660 feet) long with a maximum height of 185 metres (607 feet). It incorporates 28 million cubic metres (37 million cubic yards) of concrete and 463,000 metric tons of steel into its design. Submerging large areas of the Qutang, Wu, and Xiling gorges for some 600 km (375 miles) upstream, the dam has created an immense deepwater reservoir allowing oceangoing freighters to navigate 2,250 km (1,400 miles) inland from Shanghai on the East China Sea to the inland city of Chongqing. Navigation of the dam and reservoir is facilitated by the five-tier ship locks at both ends of the complex, which allow vessels of up to 10,000 tons to navigate past the dam, and a ship lift, which allows vessels of up to 3,000 tons to bypass the ship locks and travel past the dam more quickly. At the time of its completion in late 2015, the lift, which was 120 metres (394 feet) long, 18 metres (59 feet) wide, and 3.5 metres (11 feet) deep, was the largest ship lift in the world.
Limited hydroelectric power production began in 2003 and gradually increased as additional turbine generators came online over the years until 2012, when all of the dam’s 32 turbine generator units were operating. Those units, along with 2 additional generators, gave the dam the capacity to generate 22,500 megawatts of electricity, making it the most productive hydroelectric dam in the world. In 2020 the hydroelectric plant produced 111.88 terawatt hours, setting a new world record for annual power generation volume.
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- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
9 de jun. de 2006 · Learn about the world's largest dam, its construction, impacts, and benefits. Find out how it affects flood control, electricity, shipping, and the environment.
- Brian Handwerk
- 2 min
25 de mar. de 2008 · The world's largest hydroelectric dam on the Yangtze River has caused landslides, drought, disease and biodiversity loss, according to scientists and officials. Millions of people have been relocated and thousands have died in accidents related to the dam project.
Three Gorges Dam - Hydroelectricity, Environmental Impact, Controversy | Britannica. Contents. Home Technology Engineering Civil Engineering. History and controversy of the Three Gorges Dam.
História. Primeiros projetos. Construção. Ver também. Referências. Ligações externas. Imagens. Hidrelétrica das Três Gargantas. A Barragem das Três Gargantas é uma barragem hidrelétrica de gravidade que atravessa o rio Yangtze pela cidade de Sandouping, na prefeitura de Yichang, província de Hubei, China.
Learn about the world's largest hydro-power station and its features, history and controversies. Explore the scenic area with panoramic views, exhibitions, gardens and platforms.
