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Gaius Julius Caesar (12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) was a Roman general and statesman. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in a civil war, and subsequently became dictator from 49 BC until his assassination in 44 BC.
- Júlio César
Caio Júlio César (em latim: Caius ou Gaius Iulius Caesar ou...
- Early life and career
Julius Caesar was born on 12 July 100 BC into a patrician...
- Julius Caesar (play)
The Tragedy of Julius Caesar (First Folio title: The...
- Júlio César (Shakespeare)
Júlio César (The Tragedie of Julius Caesar, no original em...
- Júlio César
Caio Júlio César (em latim: Caius ou Gaius Iulius Caesar ou IMP•C•IVLIVS•CÆSAR•DIVVS; 13 de julho de 100 a.C. – 15 de março de 44 a.C.) foi um patrício, líder militar e político romano. Desempenhou um papel crítico na transformação da República Romana no Império Romano.
- Early Life and Family
- The Marius-Sulla Civil War
- Military Service
- Return to Rome
- Kidnapping by Pirates
- Caesar Begins A Political Career
- 63 BC: Caesar Comes to Prominence
- 62 BC: Scandal
- 61 BC: Governorship in Hispania
- 60 BC: Campaign For The Consulship
Caesar was born into an aristocratic family, the gens Julia, which claimed descent from Iulus, son of the legendary Trojan prince Aeneas, supposedly the son of the goddess Venus. The cognomen "Caesar" originated, according to Pliny the Elder, with an ancestor who was born by caesarean section (from the Latin verb to cut, caedere, caes-). The Histor...
Caesar's formative years were a time of turmoil, and "savage bloodshed". The Social War was fought from 91 to 88 BC between Rome and her Italian allies over the issue of Roman citizenship, while Mithridates of Pontus threatened Rome's eastern provinces. Domestically, Roman politics was divided between politicians known as optimates and populares. T...
Feeling it much safer to be far away from Sulla should he change his mind, Caesar quit Rome and joined the army, serving under Marcus Minucius Thermus in Asia and Servilius Isauricus in Cilicia. The loss of his priesthood had allowed him to pursue a military career: the Flamen Dialis was not permitted to touch a horse, sleep three nights outside hi...
In 79 BC, Sulla resigned his dictatorship, re-established consular government and, after serving as consul in 80 BC, retired to private life. In a manner that the historian Suetonius thought arrogant, Julius Caesar would later mock Sulla for resigning the dictatorship—"Sulla did not know his political ABC's".He died later in 78 BC and was accorded ...
On the way across the Aegean Sea to learn the art of oratory, Caesar was kidnapped by Cilician pirates and held prisoner in the Dodecanese islet of Pharmacusa. He maintained an attitude of superiority throughout his captivity, supposedly calling his captors 'illiterate barbarians'. While held captive for a period of thirty-eight days, he participat...
On his return to Rome he was elected military tribune, a first step on the cursus honorum of Roman politics. The war against Spartacus took place around this time (73–71 BC), but it is not recorded what role, if any, Caesar played in it. He was elected quaestor for 69 BC, and during that year he delivered the funeral oration for his aunt Julia, wid...
The trial of Gaius Rabirius
In 63 a tribune, Titus Labienus, prosecuted the elderly optimate senator Gaius Rabirius for the killing, 37 years previously, of the populist tribune Lucius Appuleius Saturninus, who had been declared a public enemy by the Senate after a candidate for the consulship had been murdered during an election. Caesar was one of the two judges, and Suetonius says he had bribed Labienus to bring the prosecution. The charge was the archaic offence of perduellio, a form of treason, the punishment for wh...
Pontifex Maximus
The same year, Caesar ran for election to the post of Pontifex Maximus, chief priest of the Roman state religion, after the death of Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius, who had been appointed to the post by Sulla. He ran against two powerful optimates, the former consuls Quintus Lutatius Catulus and Publius Servilius Vatia Isauricus. There were accusations of bribery by all sides. Caesar is said to have told his mother on the morning of the election that he would return as Pontifex Maximus or no...
The conspiracy of Catiline
When Cicero, who was consul that year, exposed Catiline's conspiracy to seize control of the republic, Catulus and others accused Caesar of involvement in the plot. Caesar, who had been elected praetor for the following year, took part in the debate in the Senate on how to deal with the conspirators. During the debate, Caesar was passed a note. Marcus Porcius Cato, who would become his most implacable political opponent, accused him of corresponding with the conspirators, and demanded that th...
Praetorship
While praetor in 62 BC, Caesar supported Metellus Nepos, now tribune, in proposing controversial legislation that would recall Pompey and his army in order to quell the rising disorder in Italy.However, the pair were so obstinate in their proposals that they were suspended from office by the Senate. Caesar attempted to continue to perform his duties, only giving way when violence was threatened. The Senate was persuaded to reinstate him after he quelled public demonstrations in his favour.
The Bona Dea Scandal
That year the festival of the Bona Dea ("good goddess") was held at the domus publicus, Caesar's residence as pontifex maximus. No men were permitted to attend, but a young patrician named Publius Clodius Pulcher managed to gain admittance disguised as a woman, apparently for the purpose of seducing Caesar's wife Pompeia. He was caught and prosecuted for sacrilege. Caesar gave no evidence against Clodius at his trial, careful not to offend one of the most powerful patrician families of Rome,...
After his praetorship, Caesar was appointed to govern Hispania Ulterior (Outer Iberia), but he was still in considerable debt and needed to satisfy his creditors before he could leave. He turned to Marcus Licinius Crassus, one of Rome's richest men. In return for political support in his opposition to the interests of Pompey, Crassus paid some of C...
By the time Caesar returned to Rome mid-year in 60 BC, the senate had granted him the title of imperator, a title which entitled him to a triumph. However, he also wanted to stand for consul, the most senior magistracy in the republic. If he were to celebrate a triumph, he would have to remain a soldier and stay outside the city until the ceremony,...
Gaius Iulius Caesar ( deutsch auch Gaius Julius Cäsar; * 13. Juli [2] 100 v. Chr. in Rom; † 15. März 44 v. Chr. ebenda) war ein römischer Staatsmann, Feldherr und Autor, der maßgeblich zum Ende der Römischen Republik und zu ihrer späteren Umwandlung in eine Monokratie, den sogenannten Prinzipat („Kaiserreich“), beitrug.
The Tragedy of Julius Caesar (First Folio title: The Tragedie of Ivlivs Cæsar), often abbreviated as Julius Caesar, is a history play and tragedy by William Shakespeare first performed in 1599. In the play, Brutus joins a conspiracy led by Cassius to assassinate Julius Caesar , to prevent him from becoming a tyrant.
1 de jun. de 2024 · Julius Caesar was a political and military genius who overthrew Rome’s decaying political order and replaced it with a dictatorship. He triumphed in the Roman Civil War but was assassinated by those who believed that he was becoming too powerful.
Júlio César (The Tragedie of Julius Caesar, no original em inglês) é uma tragédia de William Shakespeare, provavelmente escrita em 1599. Retrata a conspiração contra o ditador romano Júlio César , seu assassinato e suas consequências. É uma das diversas peças romanas que ele escreveu, baseada na verdadeira história ...
