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The scandal began in December 1894 when Captain Alfred Dreyfus, a 35-year-old Alsatian French artillery officer of Jewish descent, was convicted of treason for communicating French military secrets to the German Embassy in Paris.
20 de mai. de 2024 · Dreyfus affair, political crisis, beginning in 1894 and continuing through 1906, in France during the Third Republic. The controversy centred on the question of the guilt or innocence of army captain Alfred Dreyfus, who had been convicted of treason for allegedly selling military secrets to the Germans in December 1894.
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The Dreyfus Affair was a political scandal that rocked France between 1894 and 1906 and revealed growing antisemitism across Europe.
A scandal that rocked France in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Dreyfus affair involved a Jewish artillery captain in the French army, Alfred Dreyfus (1859-1935), who was falsely convicted of passing military secrets to the Germans.
In 1894, after a French spy at the German Embassy in Paris discovered a ripped-up letter in a waste basket with handwriting said to resemble that of Dreyfus, he was court-martialed, found guilty of treason and sentenced to life behind bars on Devil’s Island off of French Guiana. In a public ceremony in Paris following his conviction, Dreyfus had the insignia torn from his uniform and his sword broken and was paraded before a crowd that shouted, “Death to Judas, death to the Jew.”
In 1896, the new head of the army’s intelligence unit, Georges Picquart, uncovered evidence pointing to another French military officer, Major Ferdinand Walsin Esterhazy, as the real traitor. However, when Picquart told his bosses what he’d discovered he was discouraged from continuing his investigation, transferred to North Africa and later imprisoned.
Nevertheless, word about Esterhazy’s possible guilt began to circulate. In 1898, he was court-martialed but quickly found not guilty; he later fled the country. After Esterhazy’s acquittal, a French newspaper published an open letter titled “J’Accuse…!” by well-known author Emile Zola in which he defended Dreyfus and accused the military of a major cover-up in the case. As a result, Zola was convicted of libel, although he escaped to England and later managed to return to France.
The Dreyfus affair deeply divided France, not just over the fate of the man at its center but also over a range of issues, including politics, religion and national identity.
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- Elizabeth Nix
Um caso que mudou a história da França. Há 100 anos, a França viu um de seus maiores escândalos militares: o caso Dreyfus. O capitão Alfred, erroneamente acusado de espionagem e condenado à prisão perpétua, teve sua vida e reputação manchadas pelo alto comando do Exército francês.
O caso Dreyfus foi um escândalo político que dividiu a Terceira República Francesa de 1894 até sua resolução em 1906. "L'Affaire", como é conhecido em francês, chegou para simbolizar a injustiça moderna no mundo francófono, [ 1] e continua sendo um dos exemplos mais notáveis de um complexo erro judiciário e antissemitismo.
13 de jan. de 2020 · Condenado pelo seu próprio exército e sofrendo com as ondas de antissemitismo que assolavam a Europa, Dreyfus foi sentenciado à prisão perpétua na Guiana Francesa e acabou ficando isolado por quatro longos anos, até que muitas vozes se levantassem para defendê-lo.
31 de mai. de 1994 · O capitão Alfred Dreyfus, acusado de vender informações secretas aos alemães, recebeu pena de prisão perpétua. O objetivo era desviar a atenção dos inimigos do verdadeiro segredo, um novo canhão, uma superarma de guerra. Mas tudo foi descoberto. Indignados, os cidadãos exigiram a revisão do caso. A França nunca mais seria a mesma .
