Resultado da Busca
Frederico II foi o típico monarca do Renascimento dinamarquês. Ao contrário do seu pai, foi fortemente influenciado por ideais militares. Na sua juventude fez amizade com príncipes de guerra alemães.
- Frederico X da Dinamarca
Frederico X, em dinamarquês: Frederik X (nascido Frederico...
- Frederico VII da Dinamarca
Frederico VII (Copenhague, 6 de outubro de 1808 –...
- Frederico II
Frederico II do Sacro Império Romano-Germânico (1194–1250) —...
- Frederico X da Dinamarca
Frederico X, em dinamarquês: Frederik X (nascido Frederico André Henrique Cristiano, em dinamarquês: Frederik André Henrik Christian; Copenhague, 26 de maio de 1968), é o Rei da Dinamarca, Comandante em chefe da Defesa Dinamarquesa e a autoridade suprema da Igreja Nacional da Dinamarca.
Frederico II foi o Rei da Dinamarca e Noruega de 1559 até sua morte. [1] [2] Era o filho do rei Cristiano III [1] e da rainha Doroteia de Saxe-Lauemburgo.
- Early Years and Education
- Reign
- Relationship with The Church
- Areas of Interest
- Youth and Marriage
- Death and Burial
- Title, Style, Honours and Arms
- Bibliography
- External Links
Frederick was born on 1 July 1534 at Haderslevhus Castle, the son of Duke Christian of Schleswig and Holstein (later King Christian III of Denmark and Norway) and Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg, the daughter of Magnus I, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg. His mother was the sister of Catherine, the first wife of the Swedish king Gustav Vasa, and the mother of Eri...
Proclaimed King
Frederick's father Christian III died on 1 January 1559 at Koldinghus. Frederick was not present at his father's bedside when he died, a circumstance that did not endear the new king, now King Frederick II of Denmark-Norway, to the councillors who had grown to appreciate and revere Christian. On 12 August 1559 Frederick signed his haandfæstning (lit. "Handbinding" viz. curtailment of the monarch's power, a Danish parallel to the Magna Carta) and on 20 August 1559 Frederick II was crowned at t...
Conquest of Ditmarschen
Within weeks of Christian's passing, Frederick joined with his uncles in Holstein, John and Adolf, in a military campaign to conquer the Ditmarschen, under Johan Rantzau. Frederik II's great-uncle, King John, had failed to subjugate the peasant republic in 1500, but the Frederick's 1559-campaign was a quick and relatively painless victory for the Danish Kingdom. The brevity and low cost of the campaign were cold comforts to the members of the Council of the Realm, Johan Friisin particular. Fr...
Early relationship with the Council of the Realm
The adversarial king–Council relationship improved relatively quickly however, and not because Frederik caved in to conciliar opposition. Rather, the two parties quickly learned to work together because their interests, and the Kingdom's, required that they did so. From an early time, the council invested much power in Frederick, as they had no desire to go back to the destructive near-anarchy of the pre-civil war years. Frederik would soon learn how to play the constitutional game, that is r...
The necessity of maintaining order within the church meant that royal interference into ecclesiastical affairs was unavoidable. There was no longer an archbishop within the hierarchy, so the king was the final authority in matters that could not be settled by the bishops alone. As his father, Christian III, put it, kings were the 'father to the sup...
University of Copenhagen
Frederick was a great patron of the University of Copenhagen, were he introduced educational reforms in the 1570s and 1580s. Frederik increased the university's budget almost exponentially, expanding the size of its teaching staff and providing substantially higher salaries. While demanding higher educational standards from the priesthood, Frederick and his advisers provided more support for impoverished students. One hundred students, selected by the faculty, received room and board free of...
Medicine
The interests of Frederik II and his intellectual circle of wise men were more wide-ranging than that of his father's theological one. Frederik had a strong proclivity for Paracelsian medicine: in 1571 he appointed Johannes Pratensis to the medical faculty of the University of Copenhagen, and in the same year Petrus Severinus became his personal physician. Severinus wielded considerable influence among Paracelsian practitioners, following the publication of his Idea medicinæ philosophicæ(1571).
Alchemy, astrology and Tycho Brahe
Frederik II's fascination with alchemy and astrology, common to contemporary sovereigns, sped the rise of the astronomer Tycho Brahe to international renown as a pioneer in Europe's Scientific Revolution. Tyge Brahe came from the highest ranks of the Danish ruling elite: his father, Otte Brahe til Knudstrup, was a fiefholder in Scania and a member of the Council of the Realm, as was Tyge's brother Axel Brahe[da]. After an extensive education abroad, Tycho Brahe returned to Denmark not to purs...
Anne Hardenberg
As a young man, Frederick II had desired to marry the noblewoman, Anne Hardenberg, who had served as a lady-in-waiting to his mother, the Dowager Queen Dorothea of Denmark, however as she was not of princely birth, this was impossible.There is no evidence that either of them had any interest in entering a morganatic marriage and Anne Hardenberg was married six months after Frederick, after which there is no known contact between them.
Possible matrimonies
Negotiations to find a suitable royal bride were manifold during the 1560s, but mostly it came to nothing, often because Frederick strongly insisted on meeting the prospective bride before committing to her.The proposed matrimonies included: 1. Renata of Lorraine: Throughout the 1550s, Frederick's father Christian III strongly advocated a marriage alliance with the House of Lorraine, hoping that a match between his son Prince Frederik and claimant to the Danish throne Christina of Denmark's d...
Marriage to Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow
On 20 July 1572, he was married to Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, a descendant of King John of Denmark, and also his own first half-cousin, through their grandfather, Frederick I, King of Denmark and Norway. Sophie was the daughter of Ulrich III, Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow and Elizabeth of Denmark. Their marriage was harmonious and happy. Sophie is consistently mentioned in Frederick's handwritten diary as "mynt Soffye", meaning "my Sophie" and she followed him through the country as the cou...
King Frederick II died on 4 April 1588, aged 53, at Antvorskov. Frederick was buried on 5 August 1588 in Christian I's chapel at Roskilde Cathedral, where his son King Christian IV of Denmarklater built a large monument in honour of his late father.
Titles and styles
1. 30 October 1536 – 1 January 1559: Frederick, Prince of Denmark 1.1. 1554 – 1 January 1559 (While in Scania ): Frederick, Prince of Scania 2. 1 January 1559 – 4 April 1588: By the Grace of God, King of Denmark and Norway, the Wends and the Goths, Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Stormarn and Dithmarschen, Count of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst.
Orders
1. Summer 1561 – 4 April 1588: Order of Saint Michael
Derry, T. K. (2008). A history of Scandinavia: Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland and Iceland. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-3799-7. OCLC 757764817.Grinder-Hansen, Poul (2013). Frederik 2.: Danmarks renæssancekonge [Frederick II: Denmark's Renaissance King]. [Copenhagen]: Gyldendal. ISBN 978-87-02-08108-4. OCLC 859151055.Lockhart, Paul Douglas (2011). Denmark, 1513–1660: the rise and decline of a Renaissance monarchy. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-927121-4. OCLC 844083309.Scocozza, Benito (1997). "Frederik 2.". Politikens bog om danske monarker [Politiken's book about Danish monarchs] (in Danish). Copenhagen: Politikens Forlag. pp. 120–124. ISBN 87-567-5772-7.The Royal Lineage at the website of the Danish MonarchyBain, Robert Nisbet (1911). "Frederick II. of Denmark and Norway" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 50–51.Frederico VII (Copenhague, 6 de outubro de 1808 – Glücksburg, 15 de novembro de 1863) foi o Rei da Dinamarca de 1848 até sua morte. [1] [2] Ele foi o último monarca dinamarquês da Casa de Oldemburgo e o último a reinar como absoluto.
Frederico II do Sacro Império Romano-Germânico (1194–1250) — também conhecido como Frederico II da Suábia; imperador romano–germânico. Frederico II da Dinamarca (1534–1588) — rei da Dinamarca e da Noruega. Frederico II da Prússia (1712–1786) — rei da Prússia.
12 de jan. de 2024 · Frederik X, de 55 anos, assumirá o trono das mãos de sua mãe, rainha Margrethe II, e se tornará rei – um cargo que via com maus olhos na adolescência, quando pensava em escapar do já ...
