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Biografia. Rei Mongkut e Rainha Debsirindra. A princesa Ramphoei nasceu em 1834 filha do Príncipe Siriwongse, o Príncipe Matayaphithak (filho de Rama III e Concubine Sap) e Lady Noi (Mom Noi).
Biography. Styles and Titles. References. External links. Debsirindra ( Thai: เทพศิรินทรา, RTGS : Thepsirinthra, Devaśirindrā ), formerly Ramphoei Phamaraphirom ( Thai: รำเพยภมราภิรมย์ ), born Ramphoei Siriwong ( Thai: รำเพย ศิริวงศ์; 17 July 1834 – 9 September 1862), was the second consort of King Mongkut, and mother of King Chulalongkorn .
- Early Life
- Monastic Life and Dhammayut Sect
- Reign as King
- Shan Campaigns
- Cultural Reforms
- The Bowring Treaty
- Anna Leonowens
- Death and Legacy
- Tributes and Legacy
- Wives, Concubines, and Children
Mongkut (มงกุฎ, literal meaning: crown) was the second son of Prince Isarasundhorn, son of Phutthayotfa Chulalok, the first Chakri king of Siam (King Rama I) and Princess Bunreod. Mongkut was born in the Old (Thonburi) Palace in 1804, where the first son had died shortly after birth in 1801. He was followed by Prince Chutamani (เจ้าฟ้าจุฑามณี) in 1...
In 1824, Mongkut became a Buddhist monk (ordination name Vajirayan; Pali Vajirañāṇo), following a Siamese tradition that men aged 20 should become monks for a time. The same year, his father died. By tradition, Mongkut should have been crowned the next king, but the nobility instead chose the older, more influential and experienced Prince Jessadabo...
Accounts vary about Nangklao's intentions regarding the succession. It is recorded that Nangklao verbally dismissed the royal princes from succession for various reasons; Prince Mongkut was dismissed for encouraging monks to dress in the Monstyle. Prince Mongkut was supported by the pro-British Dis Bunnak who was the Samuha Kalahom, or Armed Force ...
In 1849, there were upheavals in the Shan State of Kengtung and Chiang Hung kingdom in response to weakened Burmese influence. However, the two states then fought each other and Chiang Hung sought Siamese support. Nangklao saw this as an opportunity to gain control over Shan states but he died in 1851 before this plan was realized. In 1852, Chiang ...
Introduction of Western geography
Accompanying the influx of Western visitors to Siam was the notion of a round earth. By many Siamese, this was difficult to accept, particularly by religious standards, because Buddhist scripture described the earth as being flat. The Traiphum, which was a geo-astrological map created before the arrival of Westerners, described "…a path between two mountain ranges through which the stars, planets, moon and sun pass." Religious scholars usually concluded that Buddhist scriptures "…were meant t...
Education reforms
During his reign, Mongkut urged his royal relatives to have "a European-style education." The missionaries, as teachers, taught modern geography and astronomy, among other subjects. Six years after Mongkut's death, the first Thai-language geography book was published in 1874, called Phumanithet by J.W. Van Dyke. However, geography was only taught in select schools, mainly those that were run by American missionaries with English programs for upper secondary students. Thongchai Winichakulargue...
Social changes
1852 saw an influx of English and American missionaries into Siam as Mongkut hired them to teach the English language to the princes. He also hired Western mercenaries to train Siamese troops in Western style. In Bangkok, American Dan Beach Bradley had already reformed the printing system and then resumed the publishing of Siam's first newspaper, the Bangkok Recorder. However, the missionaries were not as successful when it came to making religious conversions. In 1852, he ordered the nobles...
In 1854, John Bowring, the governor of Hong Kong in the name of Queen Victoria, came to Siam to negotiate a treaty. For the first time Siam had to deal seriously with international laws. Prayurawongse negotiated on the behalf of the Siamese. The result was the Bowring Treaty between the two nations. The main principle of the treaty was to abolish t...
In 1862, following a recommendation by Tan Kim Ching in Singapore, the court hired an English woman named Anna Leonowens, whose influence was later the subject of great Thai controversy. It is still debated how much this affected the worldview of one of his sons, Prince Chulalongkorn, who succeeded to the throne. Around 1870, Leonowens wrote a memo...
The solar eclipse at Wakor
During his monkhood, Mongkut studied both indigenous astrology and English texts on Western astronomy and mathematics, hence developing his skills in astronomical measurement. One way that he honed his mastery of astronomy, aside from the accurate prediction of the solar eclipse of 18 August 1868(Wakor solar eclipse), was changing the official Buddhist calendar, "which was seriously miscalculated and the times for auspicious moments were incorrect." In 1868, he invited high-ranking European a...
Elephant story
Contrary to popular belief, King Mongkut did not offer a herd of war elephants to the US president Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War for use against the Confederacy. He did, however, offer to send some domesticated elephants to US president James Buchanan, to use as beasts of burden and means of transportation. The royal letter of 14 February 1861, which was written before the Civil War had even started, took some time to arrive in Washington DC, and by the time it reached its des...
151834 Mongkut
The asteroid 151834 Mongkutis named in honour of the King and his contributions to astronomy and the modernization of Siam.
The main hospital of Phetchaburi province, Phrachomklao Hospital, is named after the King. 1. Monument of King Rama IV at Khon Kaen University 2. Monument of King Rama IV at Saranrom Palace
King Mongkut is one of the people with the most children in Thai history; he had 32 wives and concubines during his lifetime who produced at least 82 children, one of whom was Chulalongkorn, who married four of his half sisters.
Early life. King Mongkut with Prince Chulalongkorn, both in western style court uniforms, c. 1868. King Chulalongkorn was born on 20 September 1853 to King Mongkut and Queen Debsirindra and given the name Chulalongkorn. In 1861, he was designated Krommamuen Pikhanesuan Surasangkat.
Debsirindra ( Thai: เทพศิรินทรา, RTGS: Thepsirinthra, Devaśirindrā ), formerly Ramphoei Phamaraphirom ( Thai: รำเพยภมราภิรมย์ ), born Ramphoei Siriwong ( Thai: รำเพย ศิริวงศ์; 17 July 1834 – 9 September 1862), was the second consort of King Mongkut, and mother of ...
Princess Somanass was a daughter of Prince Lakkhananukhun (son of Nangklao) and Ngiu Suvarnadat. Since her father, as a son of the king and of a royal concubine, was Phra Ong Chao (second-rank prince), Somanass was destined to be Mom Chao (third-rank princess). However, King Nangklao (Rama III) who was her grandfather, specially granted her the ...
Debsirindra, in lingua thai เทพศิรินทร; RTGS: Thepsirin, nata principessa Ramphoei Siriwong (รำเพย ศิริวงศ์) e diventata regina Ramphoei (Bangkok, 17 luglio 1834 – Bangkok, 9 settembre 1861), fu la consorte del re del Siam Mongkut e regina-madre del successore Chulalongkorn ...
