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Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim (Askainen, 4 de junho de 1867 — Lausana, 27 de janeiro de 1951) foi um militar e político finlandês, tendo participado na Guerra Civil Finlandesa (1918), na Guerra de Inverno (1939-1940) e na Guerra da Continuação (1941-1944), e sido regente (de 12 de dezembro de 1918 a 26 de julho de 1919) e sexto ...
- Antti Hackzell (1944), Urho Castrén (1944), J. K. Paasikivi (1944–1946)
Ar baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim (distaget [ kɑːɭ ˈɡɵsˈtav ˈeːmɪl ˈmanːɛrˈhɛɪm] e svedeg) ( Askainen, Finland, 1867 - Lausanne, Suis, 1951) a oa un ofiser hag ur politiker finlandat, a voe marichal en arme e vro ha c'hwec'hvet prezidant Republik Finland ( 1944 - 1946 ).
- Early Life and Military Career
- Marriage and Daughters
- Political Career
- Final Days and Death
- Legacy
- Military Ranks
- Awards
- Works
- External Links
Ancestry
The Mannerheims, originally from Germany as Marhein, became Swedish noblemen in 1693. In the latter part of the 18th century, they moved to Finland, which was then an integral part of Sweden. After Sweden lost Finland to the Russian Empire in 1809, Mannerheim's great-grandfather, Count Carl Erik Mannerheim (1759–1837), son of the Commandant Johan Augustin Mannerheim[fi], became the first head of the executive of the newly-autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland, an office that preceded that of the...
Childhood
Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim was born in the Louhisaari Manor of the Askainen parish (current Masku) on June 4, 1867. After Mannerheim's father left the family in 1880 for his mistress, a daughter of Baron and General Johan Mauritz Nordenstam, the young Mannerheim's mother and her seven children went to live with her aunt Louise; but Mannerheim's mother died the following year. Mannerheim's maternal uncle, Albert von Julin (1846–1906), then became his legal guardian and financier of his later...
Education
Mannerheim was sent to the Hamina Cadet School, a state school educating aristocrats for the Imperial Russian Army, in 1882. The handsome young Baron towered over his classmates, standing 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m). He was expelled in 1886 when he left without permission. Next he attended the Helsinki Private Lyceum, where he passed the university entrance examinations in June 1887. From 1887 to 1889, Mannerheim attended the Nicholas Cavalry College in Saint Petersburg. In January 1891, he joined the...
In 1892, he married a wealthy noble of Russian-Serbian heritage, Anastasia Arapova (1872–1936). They had two daughters, Anastasie "Stasie" (1893–1978) and Sofia "Sophy" (1895–1963).The couple separated in 1902 and divorced in 1919.
The White General and the Regent of Finland
In December 1917, Finland declared independence from Soviet Russia which was ruled by the Bolsheviks after they overthrew the Provisional Government in the October Revolution. The Soviets accepted the secession for a variety of reasons, mostly because they could not control Finland; also, they hoped they could inspire a communist revolution there modeled after the Russian one. The Finnish parliament appointed P. E. Svinhufvud to lead the newly independent grand duchy's interregnum government....
Interwar period
In the interwar years, Mannerheim held no public office, mainly because he was viewed by many politicians of the centre and left as a controversial figure for his ruthless battle with the Bolsheviks, his supposed desire for Finnish intervention on the side of the Whites during the Russian Civil War, and the Finnish socialists' antipathy toward him. They saw him as the bourgeois "White General". Mannerheim doubted that modern party-based politics would produce principled and high-quality leade...
Commander-in-Chief
When negotiations with the Soviet Union failed in 1939, and aware of the imminent war and deploring the lack of equipment and preparation of the army, Mannerheim resigned once again from the military council on 17 October 1939, declaring that he would agree to return to business only as Commander-in-Chief of the Finnish Army. He officially became the supreme commander of the armies, at the age of 72, after the Soviet attack, the November 30, 1939. In a letter to his daughter Sophie, he stated...
After his resignation, Marshal Baron Mannerheim bought Kirkniemi Manor in Lohja, intending to spend his retirement there. In June 1946, he underwent an operation for a perforated peptic ulcer, and in October of that year he was diagnosed with a duodenal ulcer. In early 1947, it was recommended that he should travel to the Valmont Sanatorium in Mont...
Today, Mannerheim retains respect as Finland's greatest statesman. This may be partly due to his refusal to enter partisan politics (although his sympathies were more right-wing than left-wing), his claim always to serve the fatherland without selfish motives, his personal courage in visiting the frontlines, his ability to work diligently into his ...
Supreme Command
1. 1918: Commander-in-Chief of the White Guard: from January to May 1918 2. 1918: Commander-in-Chief of the Finnish Defence Forces: from December 1918 to July 1919 3. 1931: Chairman of the Defence Council: from 1931 to 1939 4. 1939: Commander-in-Chief of the Finnish Defence Forces [bis]: from 1939 to 1946
In the course of his lifetime, Mannerheim received 82 military and civilian decorations. Finland 1. Grand Cross with Swords and Diamonds of the Order of the Cross of Liberty(1940; Grand Cross with Swords: 1918) 2. Knight of the Mannerheim Cross, 1st and 2nd class, of the Order of the Cross of Liberty (1941) 3. Grand Cross with Collar, Swords and Di...
C.G. Mannerheim, Across Asia From West to East in 1906–1908. (1969) Anthropological Publications. Oosterhout N.B. – The Netherlands"Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim". Biografiskt lexikon för Finland (in Swedish). Helsingfors: Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland. urn:NBN:fi:sls-4132-1416928956738.- Anastasie "Stasie" Mannerheim (1893–1978), Sofia "Sophy" Mannerheim (1895–1963)
- 1889–1917, 1918–1946
25 de mar. de 2024 · Carl Gustaf Mannerheim (born June 4, 1867, Askainen, Finland—died Janaury 27, 1951, Lausanne, Switzerland) was a Finnish military leader and conservative statesman who successfully defended Finland against greatly superior Soviet forces during World War II and served as the country’s president (1944–46). Mannerheim was of ...
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Mannerheim served as the military leader of the Whites in the Finnish Civil War, Regent of Finland (1918–1919), commander-in-chief of Finland 's defence forces during World War II, Marshal of Finland, and the sixth President of Finland (1944–1946).
The Hitler and Mannerheim recording is a 1942 recording of a private conversation between German dictator Adolf Hitler, and Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, Commander-in-Chief of the Finnish Defence Forces.
15 de mar. de 2024 · English: Baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim (1867–1951) was the Commander-in-Chief of Finland's Defence Forces, Marshal of Finland, an astute politician and a successful military commander. He was Regent of Finland (1918–1919), and the sixth President of Finland (1944–1946).
