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24 de set. de 2018 · O modelo de Cournot mostra como empresas em um mercado de oligopólio irão decidir a quantidade que irão produzir. Segundo o modelo, as empresas tomam a decisão simultaneamente e levando em consideração a produção de seus concorrentes. Isso porque o preço de mercado dependerá da quantidade total produzida pelo mercado.
O Modelo de Cournot ou Competição de Cournot é um modelo econômico utilizado para descrever uma estrutura de indústria em que as empresas competem de acordo com a quantidade produzida pelos seus concorrentes, existindo uma grande interdependência nas decisões dos agentes.
Antoine Augustin Cournot, mais conhecido como Cournot ( Gray, Haute-Saône, França, 28 de agosto de 1801 - Paris, França, 31 de março de 1877) foi um matemático e economista francês, propulsor das teorias marginalistas, conhecido por seus estudos sobre a oferta e a demanda nos termos da competição monopolística.
O Modelo Cournot é um modelo econômico que tenta prever o comportamento de dois negócios que compõem um determinado mercado. Essa teoria foi apresentada pela primeira vez pelo teórico econômico francês Antoine Augustin Cournot no século 19, depois de observar a competição entre duas companhias de água de nascente.
- History
- Cournot's Conceptual Framework
- Cournot's Duopoly Theory
- Finding The Cournot Duopoly Equilibrium
- Bertrand's Critique
- See Also
- Further Reading
Antoine Augustin Cournot (1801–1877) first outlined his theory of competition in his 1838 volume Recherches sur les Principes Mathématiques de la Théorie des Richesses as a way of describing the competition with a market for spring water dominated by two suppliers (a duopoly). The model was one of a number that Cournot set out "explicitly and with ...
Cournot's discussion of oligopoly draws on two theoretical advances made in earlier pages of his book. Both have passed (with some adjustment) into microeconomic theory, particularly within subfield of Industrial Organization where Cournot's assumptions can be relaxed to study various Market Structures and Industries, for example, the Stackelberg C...
Monopoly and duopoly
Cournot insists that each duopolist seeks independentlyto maximize profits, and this restriction is essential, since Cournot tells us that if they came to an understanding between each other so as each to obtain the maximum possible revenue, then completely different results would be obtained, indistinguishable from the consumer's point of view from those entailed by monopoly.
Cournot's price model
Cournot presents a mathematically correct analysis of the equilibrium condition corresponding to a certain logically consistent model of duopolist behaviour. However his model is not stated and is not particularly natural (Shapiro remarked that observed practice constituted a "natural objection to the Cournot quantity model"), and "his words and the mathematics do not quite match". His model can be grasped more easily if we slightly embellish it. Suppose that there are two owners of mineral w...
Interpretative difficulties
A feature of Cournot's model is that a single price applies to both proprietors. He justified this assumption by saying that "dès lors le prix est nécessairement le même pour l'un et l'autre propriétaire".de Bornier expands on this by saying that "the obvious conclusion that only a single price can exist at a given moment" follows from "an essential assumption concerning his model, [namely] product homogeneity". Later on Cournot writes that a proprietor can adjust his supply "en modifiant cor...
Example 1
Cournot's model of competition is typically presented for the case of a duopoly market structure; the following example provides a straightforward analysis of the Cournot model for the case of Duopoly. Therefore, suppose we have a market consisting of only two firms which we will call firm 1 and firm 2. For simplicity, we assume each firm faces the same marginal cost. That is, for a given firm i {\displaystyle i} 's output quantity, denoted q i {\displaystyle q_{i}} where i ∈ { 1 , 2 } {\disp...
Example 2
The revenues accruing to the two proprietors are p D 1 {\displaystyle pD_{1}} and p D 2 {\displaystyle pD_{2}} , i.e., f ( D 1 + D 2 ) ⋅ D 1 {\displaystyle f(D_{1}+D_{2})\cdot D_{1}} and f ( D 1 + D 2 ) ⋅ D 2 {\displaystyle f(D_{1}+D_{2})\cdot D_{2}} . The first proprietor maximizes profit by optimizing over the parameterD 1 {\displaystyle D_{1}} under his control, giving the condition that the partial derivative of his profit with respect to D 1 {\displaystyle D_{1}} should be 0, and the mir...
Comparison with monopoly
We have seen that Cournot's system reduces to the equation 2 f ( D ) + D f ′ ( D ) = 0 {\displaystyle 2f(D)+Df'(D)=0} . D {\displaystyle D} is functionally related to p {\displaystyle p} via f {\displaystyle f} in one direction and F {\displaystyle F} in the other. If we re-express this equation in terms of p {\displaystyle p} , it tells us that F ( p ) + 2 p F ′ ( p ) = 0 {\displaystyle F(p)+2pF'(p)=0} , which can be compared with the equation F ( p ) + p F ′ ( p ) = 0 {\displaystyle F(p)+pF...
The French mathematician Joseph Bertrand, when reviewing Walras's Théorie Mathématique de la Richesse Sociale, was drawn to Cournot's book by Walras's high praise of it. Bertrand was critical of Cournot's reasoning and assumptions, Bertrand claimed that "removing the symbols would reduce the book to just a few pages".[note 1]His summary of Cournot'...
Holt, Charles. Games and Strategic Behavior (PDF version), PDFOligoply Theory made Simple, Chapter 6 of Surfing Economics by Huw Dixon.O modelo de Cournot parte da consideração da curva da procura de mercado para definir as curvas da procura de cada uma das empresas e paralelamente definir a quantidade produzida por cada empresa como função da quantidade produzida pela outra.
A competição de Cournot é um modelo econômico no qual as empresas concorrentes escolhem uma quantidade para produzir de forma independente e simultânea. O modelo se aplica quando as empresas produzem bens idênticos ou padronizados e presume-se que não podem conspirar ou formar um cartel.
