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Faiçal II (em árabe: الملك فيصل الثاني; Bagdá, 2 de maio de 1935 – Bagdá, 14 de julho de 1958 ), foi o último Rei do Iraque de 4 de abril de 1939 até julho de 1958, quando foi morto durante a Revolução de 14 de julho. Este regicídio marcou o fim da monarquia haxemita de trinta e sete anos no Iraque, que então se tornou uma república. [ 1][ 2] Vida.
- Family and Early Life
- End of Regency
- Downfall and Murder
- Notable Published Works
- Military Ranks
- Namesakes
- See Also
- External Links
- Further Reading
Birth and early years
Faisal was the only son of King Ghazi of Iraq and his wife, Queen Aliya, second daughter of 'Ali bin Hussein, King of the Hijaz and Grand Sharif of Mecca. Faisal's father was killed in a mysterious car crash when he was three years old; his uncle, Prince 'Abd al-Ilah, served as regentuntil Faisal came of age in 1953. King Faisal II was the model used by Belgian comic writer Hergé for his character Prince Abdullah of Khemed in The Adventures of Tintin. He suffered from asthma.
1941 coup
Faisal's childhood coincided with the Second World War, in which the Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq was formally allied with the British Empire and the Allies. In April 1941, his uncle 'Abd al-Ilah was briefly deposed as Regent by a military coup d'état which aimed to align Iraq with the Axis powers. The 1941 coup in Iraq soon led to the Anglo-Iraqi War. German aid proved insufficient, and the puppet 'Abd al-Ilah was restored to power by a combined Allied force composed of the mercenary Jordanian...
Faisal attained his majorityon 2 May 1953, commencing his active rule with little experience and during a changing Iraqi political and social climate exacerbated by the rapid development of pan-Arab nationalism. Faisal initially relied for political advice upon his uncle Prince 'Abd al-Ilah and General Nuri al-Sa'id, a veteran politician and nation...
An opposition forms
Faisal's political situation deteriorated in 1956, with uprisings in the cities of Najaf and Hayy. Meanwhile, Israel's attack on Egypt, coordinated with Britain and France in response to Nasser's nationalisation of the Suez Canal, only exacerbated popular revulsion for the Baghdad Pact, and thus Faisal's regime. The opposition began to coordinate its activities; in February 1957, a "Front of National Union" was established, bringing together the National Democrats, Independents, Communists, a...
14 July Revolution
In the summer of 1958, King Hussein of Jordan asked for Iraqi military assistance during the escalating Lebanon crisis. Units of the Royal Iraqi Army under the command of Colonel Abd al-Karim Qasim, en route to Jordan, chose to march on Baghdad instead, where they mounted a coup d'état on 14 July. During the 14 July Revolution, Faisal II ordered the Royal Guard to offer no resistance, and surrendered to the insurgents.[citation needed] Around 8 am, Captain Abdul Sattar Sabaa Al-Ibousi, leadin...
Aftermath
Many years later, when the Iraqi historian Safa Khulusimet Al-Ibousi, who was once one of Khulusi's students, and questioned him on his part in Faisal's death, the former student answered, "all I did was remember Palestine, and the trigger on the machine-gun just set itself off". During the regime of Saddam Hussein, Faisal II was reburied under a marble tomb located next to that of his father in the restored Royal Mausoleum in Baghdad.
Faisal II was the author of Ways to Defend Yourself (1951), an Arabic book on judo and self-defense, and He printed 50 copies of it and gave it to other kings and leaders on top of them his uncle King Abdullah of Jordan. He also gave a copy of it to the League of Arab Nationshoping to reprint it and distribute it for free on the youth in Arab count...
Faisal held the following ranks:[citation needed] 1. Admiral of the Fleet, Royal Iraqi Navy. 2. Field Marshal, Royal Iraqi Army. 3. Marshal of the Royal Iraqi Air Force. 4. Air Vice-Marshal (honorary), Royal Air Force.
Martyr Faisal II College (Kolleyet Al-Shahid Faisal Al-Thani) is a military school in Jordanthat was named after him.
Sharif Ali bin al-Hussein – The cousin of Faisal II who currently lives in Iraq and has a political platform to establish a constitutional monarchyin Iraq.Nuri al-Said – The Prime Minister of the Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq who was also executed by supporters of Colonel Abdul Karim Qassim."Young King". Time Magazine. 17 April 1939. Archived from the original on 14 December 2008. Retrieved 24 November 2017."In One Swift Hour". Time Magazine. 28 July 1958. Archived from the original on 16 March 2007. Retrieved 24 November 2017.Khadduri, Majid. Independent Iraq, 1932–1958. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, 1960.Lawrence, T. E. Seven Pillars of Wisdom. Retrieved 14 July 2008Longrigg, Stephen H. Iraq, 1900 to 1950. Oxford University Press, 1953.Morris, James. The Hashemite Kings. London, 1959.30 de abr. de 2024 · Hāshimite. Faisal II (born May 2, 1935, Baghdad, Iraq—died July 14, 1958, Baghdad) was the last king of Iraq, who reigned from 1939 to 1958. Faisal II, grandson of Faisal I and great-grandson of Hussein ibn Ali, former sharif of Mecca and king of the Hejaz, became king of Iraq following the untimely death of his father, King Ghazi.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Faiçal II (em árabe: الملك فيصل الثاني; Bagdá, 2 de maio de 1935 – Bagdá, 14 de julho de 1958 ), foi o último Rei do Iraque de 4 de abril de 1939 até julho de 1958, quando foi morto durante a Revolução de 14 de julho. Este regicídio marcou o fim da monarquia haxemita de trinta e sete anos no Iraque, que então se ...
Faiçal I (em árabe: فيصل الأول العراق; Taife, 20 de maio de 1885 – Berna, 8 de setembro de 1933) foi Rei do Reino Árabe da Síria entre março e julho de 1920, e Rei do Iraque de 1921 até sua morte em 1933.
Faisal II (em árabe: el-Melik Faysal es-Sn) (2 de maio de 1935, 14 de julho de 1958) foi o último rei do Iraque. Ele reinou de 4 de abril de 1939 até julho de 1958, quando foi morto durante a Revolução de 14 de julho. Este regicídio marcou o fim da monarquia hachemita de 37 anos no Iraque, que então se tornou uma república.
2 de mai. de 1935 - 14 de jul. de 1958. Faiçal ibne Gazi ibne Faiçal ibne Huceine ibne Ali, melhor conhecido como Faiçal II, foi o último rei do Iraque, que governou entre 4 de Abril de...
