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Michael Friedrich Benedikt von Melas (Radeln, Transilvânia, 12 de maio de 1729 — Týnec nad Labem, 31 de maio de 1806) (12 de maio de 1729 - 31 de maio de 1806) foi um marechal de campo nascido na Transilvânia de ascendência saxônica para o Império Austríaco durante as Guerras Napoleônicas.
Michael Friedrich Benedikt Baron von Melas (12 May 1729 – 31 May 1806) was a Transylvanian-born field marshal of Greek descent for the Austrian Empire during the Napoleonic Wars. He was born in Radeln , Transylvania (nowadays Roadeș, part of Bunești commune, Brașov County , Romania ) in 1729 and joined the Austrian Army at age 17.
Entretanto, as forças do general Michael Von Melas se lançaram à sorte contra os franceses em um ataque surpresa na região de Marengo, norte da Itália.
- Background
- Prelude
- Battle
- Aftermath
- Legacy
- References
- External Links
The Battle of Marengo was the victory that sealed the success of Bonaparte's Italian campaign of 1800 and is best understood in the context of that campaign. By a daring crossing of the Alps with his Army of the Reserve (officially commanded by Louis Alexandre Berthier) in mid-May 1800 almost before the passes were open, Bonaparte (who crossed on a...
Battlefield
The battle took place to the east of Alessandria, on a plain crossed by a river forming meanders, the Bormida, over which the Austrians installed a bridgehead. On the plain were spread numerous hamlets and farms that represented strategic points. The three main sites of the battle formed a triangle, with Marengo in the west, Castel Ceriolo in the north and San Giuliano Vecchio in the east. A small stream, the Fontanone, passed between Marengo and the Bormida. The First Consul had established...
Forces
The 30,000 Austrians and their 100 guns were initially opposed by 22,000 French and their 15 guns. Meanwhile, after the arrival of Desaix, 6,000 men would reinforce Bonaparte's army. The 1799 campaign had exhausted the Austrian army in Italy, casualties and disease reducing some regiments to 300 men. The largest component of the army was in Piedmont and the neighbouring Povalley; only a few units were moved to winter quarters in better-supplied areas. Long distances from the home bases, from...
Austrian attack
The Austrian troops advanced from Alessandria eastwards across the river Bormida by two bridges debouching in a narrow bend of the river (the river being not easily crossed elsewhere). Poor Austrian staff work prevented any rapid development of their attack and the entire army had to file through a narrow bridgehead.The movement began about 6 am with the first shots fired around 8 am, but the attack was not fully developed until 9 am. The 1,200-man Austrian advance guard, under Colonel (Obers...
French counter-attack
However, Desaix, in charge of the force Bonaparte had detached southwards, had hastened his advance and reached a small road junction north of Cascina Grossa (3 km west of San Giuliano).Shortly before 5:00 pm, he reported to Bonaparte in person with the news that his force (6,000 men and 9 guns of Boudet's division) was not far behind. The story goes that, asked by Bonaparte what he thought of the situation, Desaix replied: "This battle is completely lost. However, there is time to win anothe...
Bonaparte needed to depart for Paris urgently and the next morning sent Berthier on a surprise visit to Austrian headquarters. Within 24 hours of the battle, Melas entered into negotiations (the Convention of Alessandria) which led to the Austrians evacuating northwestern Italy west of the Ticino, and suspending military operations in Italy. Bonapa...
Marengo museum
The Museum of Marengo "Museo della Battaglia di Marengo" is located in Via della Barbotta, Spinetta Marengo, Alessandria. This is the place where most of the fights between the French and Austrian armies took place. It is a part of Villa Delavo, with the park of the museum surrounding the village of Marengo.[citation needed]
Remembrance
Napoleon sought to ensure that his victory would not be forgotten, so, besides the propaganda campaign, he entrusted General Chasseloup with the construction of a pyramid on the site of the battle. On 5 May 1805, a ceremony took place on the field of Marengo. Napoleon, together with Empress Joséphine seated on a throne placed under a tent, oversaw a military parade. Then, Chasseloup gave Napoleon the founding stone, on which was inscribed: "Napoleon, Emperor of the French and King of Italy, t...
Chicken Marengo
The French dish chicken Marengowas named in honour of Napoleon's victory.
Arnold, James R. (2005). Marengo & Hohenlinden: Napoleon's Rise to Power. Pen & Sword. ISBN 1-84415-279-0.Asprey, Robert (2001). The Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-04881-1.Benoît, Jérémie (2000). Marengo: Une victoire politique (in French). Réunion des Musées Nationaux. ISBN 2-7118-4010-7.}Chandler, David (1979). Dictionary of the Napoleonic Wars. Macmillan. ISBN 0-02-523670-9.Michael von Melas, o comandante austríaco na Batalha de Marengo. As forças austríacas estavam sob o comando do general Michael von Melas . Na Batalha de Marengo participaram 23 294 homens de infantaria, 5 202 de cavalaria e 600 de engenharia.
Michael Friedrich Benedikt von Melas (Radeln, Transilvânia, 12 de maio de 1729 — Týnec nad Labem, 31 de maio de 1806) (12 de maio de 1729 - 31 de maio de 1806) foi um marechal de campo nascido na Transilvânia de ascendência saxônica para o Império Austríaco durante as Guerras Napoleônicas.
Suvorov swiftly concentrated his Russians and the allied Austrians of Michael von Melas to block the French move. The four-day battle took place in hot weather, [35] and despite the fatigue of the Allied troops, they moved into the fight immediately after the march.
