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3 de dez. de 2021 · Taylor Swift - gold rush (tradução) (Letra e música para ouvir) - 'Cause I don't like a gold rush, gold rush / I don't like anticipating my face in a red flush / I don't like that anyone would die to feel your touch / Everybody wants you.
18 de jun. de 2024 · Overview of the California Gold Rush, the rapid influx of fortune seekers in California that began after gold was found at Sutter’s Mill on the American River in early 1848. The Gold Rush reached its peak in 1852.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
The California gold rush (1848–1855) was a gold rush that began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California. The news of gold brought approximately 300,000 people to California from the rest of the United States and abroad.
- Overview
- The California Gold Rush
- Life as a forty-niner
- Violence across the land
- What do you think?
- GeneratedCaptionsTabForHeroSec
The 1848 discovery of gold in the territory of California prompted 300,000 hopeful prospectors to flood into the region, altering it forever.
On January 8, 1848, James W. Marshall, overseeing the construction of a sawmill at Sutter’s Mill in the territory of California, literally struck gold. His discovery of trace flecks of the precious metal in the soil at the bottom of the American River sparked a massive migration of settlers and miners into California in search of gold. The Gold Rush, as it became known, transformed the landscape and population of California.1
Arriving in covered wagons, clipper ships, and on horseback, some 300,000 migrants, known as “forty-niners” (named for the year they began to arrive in California, 1849), staked claims to spots of land around the river, where they used pans to extract gold from silt deposits.
Though migration to California was fueled by gold-tinted visions of easy wealth and luxury, life as a forty-niner could be brutal. While a small number of prospectors did become rich, the reality was that gold panning rarely turned up anything of real value, and the work itself was back-breaking.
The lack of housing, sanitation, and law enforcement in the mining camps and surrounding areas created a dangerous mix. Crime rates in the goldfields were extremely high. Vigilante justice was frequently the only response to criminal activity left unchecked by the absence of effective law enforcement. As prospectors dreaming of gold poured into the region, formerly unsettled lands became populated, and previously small settlements, such as the one at San Francisco, exploded.
As competition flared over access to the goldfields, xenophobia and racial prejudice ran rampant. Chinese and Latin American immigrants were routinely subjected to violent attacks at the hands of white settlers and miners who adhered to an extremely narrow view of what it meant to be truly “American.”
As the state government of California expanded to oversee the booming population, widespread nativist (anti-immigrant) sentiment led to the establishment of taxes and laws that explicitly targeted immigrants, particularly Chinese immigrants.3
As agriculture and ranching expanded to meet the needs of the hundreds of thousands of new settlers, white settlers' violence toward Native Americans intensified. Peter Hardeman Burnett, the first governor of California, openly declared his contempt for the native population and demanded its immediate removal or extinction. Under Burnett’s leadership, the state of California paid bounties to white settlers in exchange for Indian scalps. As a result, vigilante groups of miners, settlers, and loggers formed to track down and exterminate California’s native population, which by 1890 had been almost completely decimated.4
Though the Gold Rush had a transformative effect on California’s landscape and population, it lasted for a surprisingly brief period, from 1848 to 1855. It did not take long for gold panning to turn up whatever gold remained in silt deposits, and as the extraction techniques required to mine for gold became increasingly complex, gold mining became big business. As the mining industry exploded, individual gold-diggers simply could not compete with the level of resources and technological sophistication of the major mining conglomerates.
How did the Gold Rush reshape the demographics of California?
If you had lived in this time period, would you have participated in the Gold Rush? Why or why not?
What were the long-term effects of the California Gold Rush?
[Notes and attributions]
Learn how the discovery of gold in 1848 sparked a massive migration of 300,000 prospectors to California, transforming its landscape and population. Explore the challenges and conflicts of life as a forty-niner, and the impact of the Gold Rush on Native Americans and immigrants.
6 de abr. de 2010 · Learn about the discovery of gold in California in 1848, the mass migration of prospectors, the political and social consequences, and the decline of the mining industry. Explore the causes, events and legacy of the Gold Rush, one of the most significant events in American history.
- Missy Sullivan
- 3 min
A gold rush or gold fever is a discovery of gold—sometimes accompanied by other precious metals and rare-earth minerals—that brings an onrush of miners seeking their fortune.
12 de jun. de 2024 · gold rush, rapid influx of fortune seekers to the site of newly discovered gold deposits. Major gold rushes occurred in the United States, Australia, Canada, and South Africa in the 19th century. The first major gold strike in North America occurred near Dahlonega, Georgia, in the late 1820s.
