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4 de jun. de 2024 · Castelo de Neuschwanstein, Alemanha - Este castelo situado nas montanhas da Baviera, perto de Munique e da fronteira com a Áustria, foi construído na segunda metade do século XIX por Luís II da Baviera.
Há 3 dias · The death of Charles II of Spain in 1700 led to the War of the Spanish Succession, and that of Emperor Charles VI in 1740 to the War of the Austrian Succession. The former was won by House of Bourbon, putting an end to Habsburg rule in Spain.
- Overview
- Habsburg-Lorraine
The War of the Austrian Succession cost Maria Theresa most of Silesia, part of Lombardy, and the duchies of Parma and Piacenza (Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, 1748) but left her in possession of the rest of her father’s hereditary lands. Moreover, her husband, Francis Stephen of Lorraine, who in 1737 had become hereditary grand duke of Tuscany, was finally recognized as Holy Roman emperor, with the title of Francis I. He and his descendants, of the house of Habsburg-Lorraine, are the dynastic continuators of the original Habsburgs.
The peace of 1748 did not last long. Prussia was not satiated by the seizure of Silesia from the Habsburgs, and they in turn were even more determined to recover Silesia than anxious to ensure the protection of their outlying possessions in the Netherlands against the continuing danger of French attack. The so-called Diplomatic Revolution, which preceded the Seven Years’ War of 1756–63, was the product, basically, of those situations: finding that their former British friends were more interested in conciliating Prussia than in abetting Austro-Russian plans for destroying it, the Habsburgs played their part in the “reversal of alliances” by achieving—without territorial profit—a reconciliation with France, hitherto their longest-standing enemy. An Austro-French entente was subsequently maintained until 1792: the marriage of the archduchess Marie-Antoinette to the future Louis XVI of France (1770) was intended to confirm it.
To secure their imperial status in Germany against Prussian enterprises, the Habsburgs exerted themselves to consolidate and to expand their central European bloc of territory. For that purpose Tuscany and the Netherlands were practically irrelevant. Tuscany in fact was kept separate from the ancient Habsburg inheritance: when the emperor Francis I died (1765), his eldest son, the emperor Joseph II, became coregent with his mother of the Austrian dominions, but Joseph’s brother Leopold became grand duke of Tuscany. Similarly, when Leopold succeeded to Joseph’s titles (1790), his own second son succeeded to Tuscany as Ferdinand III. Thereafter the Tuscan branch of the Habsburgs remained distinct from the senior or imperial line.
The northeastward expansion of Habsburg central Europe, which came about in Joseph II’s time, was a result not so much of Joseph’s initiative as of external events: the First Partition of Poland (1772), which gave him Galicia and Lodomeria, was a Russo-Prussian arrangement disgusting to his conscientious mother, who remembered Silesia; and his subsequent acquisition of Bukovina (1775), geopolitically logical though it was as bridging a gap between his Transylvanian and his new Galician lands, was a side effect of the Russo-Turkish Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca (1774).
Joseph II was considerably more interested in westward expansion, over Bavaria, which would have both strengthened his western frontier strategically and enhanced his status among the German princes politically. Prussia’s forceful opposition, however, reduced his gains in the War of the Bavarian Succession to the Innviertel (1779) and frustrated his plan for ceding the Netherlands to the house of Wittelsbach in exchange for Bavaria five years later (1784).
The French Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars brought a kaleidoscopic series of changes. Three were clearly significant for the future of the house of Habsburg: (1) the formal dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, in anticipation of which Leopold II’s successor Francis II had in 1804 begun to style himself “hereditary emperor of Austria,” a title that, as Francis I, he could retain come what might; (2) the definitive renunciation of the southern Netherlands by the Habsburgs in 1797; and (3) the awakening of the spirit of nationalism in the modern sense.
The War of the Austrian Succession cost Maria Theresa most of Silesia, part of Lombardy, and the duchies of Parma and Piacenza (Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, 1748) but left her in possession of the rest of her father’s hereditary lands. Moreover, her husband, Francis Stephen of Lorraine, who in 1737 had become hereditary grand duke of Tuscany, was finally recognized as Holy Roman emperor, with the title of Francis I. He and his descendants, of the house of Habsburg-Lorraine, are the dynastic continuators of the original Habsburgs.
The peace of 1748 did not last long. Prussia was not satiated by the seizure of Silesia from the Habsburgs, and they in turn were even more determined to recover Silesia than anxious to ensure the protection of their outlying possessions in the Netherlands against the continuing danger of French attack. The so-called Diplomatic Revolution, which preceded the Seven Years’ War of 1756–63, was the product, basically, of those situations: finding that their former British friends were more interested in conciliating Prussia than in abetting Austro-Russian plans for destroying it, the Habsburgs played their part in the “reversal of alliances” by achieving—without territorial profit—a reconciliation with France, hitherto their longest-standing enemy. An Austro-French entente was subsequently maintained until 1792: the marriage of the archduchess Marie-Antoinette to the future Louis XVI of France (1770) was intended to confirm it.
To secure their imperial status in Germany against Prussian enterprises, the Habsburgs exerted themselves to consolidate and to expand their central European bloc of territory. For that purpose Tuscany and the Netherlands were practically irrelevant. Tuscany in fact was kept separate from the ancient Habsburg inheritance: when the emperor Francis I died (1765), his eldest son, the emperor Joseph II, became coregent with his mother of the Austrian dominions, but Joseph’s brother Leopold became grand duke of Tuscany. Similarly, when Leopold succeeded to Joseph’s titles (1790), his own second son succeeded to Tuscany as Ferdinand III. Thereafter the Tuscan branch of the Habsburgs remained distinct from the senior or imperial line.
The northeastward expansion of Habsburg central Europe, which came about in Joseph II’s time, was a result not so much of Joseph’s initiative as of external events: the First Partition of Poland (1772), which gave him Galicia and Lodomeria, was a Russo-Prussian arrangement disgusting to his conscientious mother, who remembered Silesia; and his subsequent acquisition of Bukovina (1775), geopolitically logical though it was as bridging a gap between his Transylvanian and his new Galician lands, was a side effect of the Russo-Turkish Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca (1774).
Joseph II was considerably more interested in westward expansion, over Bavaria, which would have both strengthened his western frontier strategically and enhanced his status among the German princes politically. Prussia’s forceful opposition, however, reduced his gains in the War of the Bavarian Succession to the Innviertel (1779) and frustrated his plan for ceding the Netherlands to the house of Wittelsbach in exchange for Bavaria five years later (1784).
The French Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars brought a kaleidoscopic series of changes. Three were clearly significant for the future of the house of Habsburg: (1) the formal dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, in anticipation of which Leopold II’s successor Francis II had in 1804 begun to style himself “hereditary emperor of Austria,” a title that, as Francis I, he could retain come what might; (2) the definitive renunciation of the southern Netherlands by the Habsburgs in 1797; and (3) the awakening of the spirit of nationalism in the modern sense.
19 de jun. de 2024 · O Grupo D da Eurocopa tem sua abertura nesta sexta-feira, às 13h, com a partida entre Polônia x Áustria. Este jogo será realizado em Berlim e o Torcedores.com mostrará o que fazer para assistir a este jogo.
1 de jun. de 2024 · After the civil wedding at the town hall of Rüdenhausen, Germany, on 29 December 2018, Fürst Otto zu Castell-Rüdenhausen and Sophia Mautner von Markhof celebrated their religious wedding at the former Augustinian Abbey Church in Waldhausen im Strudengau, Upper Austria.
17 de jun. de 2024 · El capitán de la Selección francesa recibió un durísimo golpe al intentar rematar de cabeza en el área de Austria. Estuvo varios minutos en el suelo y sangró de manera abundante por la nariz. Mbappé finalmente tuvo que ser sustituido (90) con la camiseta blanca teñida de rojo.
14 de jun. de 2024 · The Balkan Wars erupted in South Eastern Europe in October 1912. Fighting continued intermittently in the region until July 1914. As the First World War expanded into much of Europe, fighting continued throughout the Southeast until the autumn of 1918. How are the Balkan Wars related to WWI?
