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  1. Rise, 1299-1448. The Ottoman Empire was founded by Osman I in 1299. His son, Orhan, fought against the Byzantine Empire and captured the city of Bursa in 1324. In the late 1300s, the Ottomans began consolidating power in the Balkans. Sultan Murad I defeated Serbia in 1389 at the Battle of Kosovo.

  2. The stagnation and reform of the Ottoman Empire (1683–1827) ended with the dismemberment of Ottoman Classical Army. The issue during the decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire (1828–1908) was to create a military (a security apparatus) that could win wars and bring security to its subjects.

  3. Ottoman Empire. Boqortooyada Ottoman. Romania, fighting on the Russian side, gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1878 after the end of Russo-Turkish War. Ottoman miniature about the Szigetvár campaign showing Ottoman troops and Tatars as avant-garde. Battle of Nicopolis in 1396.

  4. The rise of the Ottoman Empire is a period of history that started with the emergence of the Ottoman principality ( Turkish: Osmanlı Beyliği) in c. 1299, and ended c. 1453. This period witnessed the foundation of a political entity ruled by the Ottoman Dynasty in the northwestern Anatolian region of Bithynia, and its transformation from a ...

  5. The Classical Age of the Ottoman Empire ( Turkish: Klasik Çağ) concerns the history of the Ottoman Empire from the conquest of Constantinople in 1453 until the second half of the sixteenth century, roughly the end of the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent (r. 1520–1566). During this period a system of patrimonial rule based on the absolute ...

  6. A History of the Ottoman Empire, 1998. ISBN 0701136693; Bernard Lewis, Istanbul en de wereld van het Ottomaanse Rijk, 2007. ISBN 9054601469 (orig. Engels: Istanbul and the Civilization of the Ottoman Empire, 1963) Caroline Finkel, De droom van Osman. Geschiedenis van het Ottomaanse Rijk, 1300-1923, 2008. ISBN 9053305483 (orig. Engels: Osman's ...

  7. Era conocido como el Imperio turco por sus contemporáneos, aunque los gobernantes osmanlíes jamás utilizaron ese nombre para referirse a su Estado. El Imperio otomano comenzó siendo uno más de los pequeños estados turcos que surgieron en Asia Menor durante la decadencia del Imperio turco selyúcida.