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Rs 128.364:000$000 (1880) Rs 160.840:000$000 (1889) All values, unless otherwise stated, are in US dollars. The economy of the Empire of Brazil was centered on the export of raw materials when the country became independent in 1822. The domestic market was small, due to lack of credit and the almost complete self-sustainability of the cities ...
Barman, Roderick J. Brazil The Forging of a Nation, 1798–1852 (1988) Bethell, Leslie. Colonial Brazil (Cambridge History of Latin America) (1987) excerpt and text search; Bethell, Leslie, ed. Brazil: Empire and Republic 1822–1930 (1989) Burns, E. Bradford. A History of Brazil (1993) excerpt and text search; Burns, E. Bradford.
The monarchs of Brazil (Portuguese: monarcas do Brasil) were the imperial heads of state and hereditary rulers of Brazil from the House of Braganza that reigned from the creation of the Brazilian monarchy in 1815 as a constituent kingdom of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves until the republican coup d'état that overthrew the Empire of Brazil in 1889.
CoA Empire of Brazil (1870-1889).svg Coronet of a British Duke.svg This insignia has not been confirmed to be correct because it is lacking important source information: Please edit this file's description and provide a proper source.
Imperial army. The rank insignia of the Estado-Maior General (General/Flag officers) were established by an Imperial Decree of 7 October 1823. They bore the leaves of an Oak-tree, similar to the ranks of the Portuguese Army of the early 1800s. The ranks for the Senior and Junior Officers were the same throughout Pedro II 's reign.
The Second Reign is a period of history within the Empire of Brazil that lasted 49 years, beginning with the end of the regency period on 23 July 1840, upon the declaration of Pedro de Alcântara's majority, and ending on 15 November 1889, when the parliamentary constitutional monarchy in force was removed by the proclamation of the republic .
The Proclamation of the Republic ( Portuguese: Proclamação da República ), Coup of 1889 ( Golpe de 1889 ), or Coup of the Republic ( Golpe da República) was a military coup d'état that established the First Brazilian Republic on November 15, 1889. It took over the constitutional monarchy of the Empire of Brazil and ended the reign of ...
