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Estimates of the number of language families in the world may vary widely. According to Ethnologue there are 7,151 living human languages distributed in 142 different language families. Lyle Campbell (2019) identifies a total of 406 independent language families, including isolates.
This article is a list of language families. This list only includes primary language families that are accepted by the current academic consensus in the field of linguistics; for language families that are not accepted by the current academic consensus in the field of linguistics, see the article "List of proposed language families".
Uma família linguística é um grupo de línguas [ 1] rigorosamente identificado e é uma unidade filogenética, isto é, todos os seus membros derivam de um ancestral comum. Este ancestral é geralmente muito pouco conhecido, uma vez que a maior parte das línguas têm uma história escrita muito reduzida.
The language family of the world that has the most speakers is the Indo-European languages, spoken by 46% of the world's population. This family includes major world languages like English, Spanish, French, German, Russian, and Hindustani (Hindi/Urdu).
Language families are groups of languages that are related to each other because they come from a common older language. The languages in such a family are similar in their vocabulary or structure. For example, French and Spanish both come from Latin.
In total, 46% of the world's population (3.2 billion people) speaks an Indo-European language as a first language—by far the highest of any language family. There are about 445 living Indo-European languages, according to an estimate by Ethnologue , with over two-thirds (313) of them belonging to the Indo-Iranian branch.
Most existing languages are grouped with other languages descended “genetically” from a common ancestral language (see historical linguistics). The broadest grouping of languages is the language family.
