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In Western Europe, Christianity was mostly subject to the laws and customs of nations that owed no allegiance to the emperor in Constantinople. While Eastern-born popes appointed or at least confirmed by the emperor continued to be loyal to him as their political lord, they refused to accept his authority in religious matters, [13] or the authority of such a council as the imperially convoked ...
Western esotericism, also known as esotericism, esoterism, and sometimes the Western mystery tradition, [1] is a term scholars use to classify a wide range of loosely related ideas and movements that developed within Western society. These ideas and currents are united since they are largely distinct both from orthodox Judeo-Christian religion ...
Eastern Orthodoxy, otherwise known as Eastern Orthodox Christianity or Byzantine Christianity, [1] is one of the three main branches of Chalcedonian Christianity, alongside Roman Catholicism and Protestantism. [2] [3] Like the Pentarchy of the first millennium, the mainstream (or "canonical") Eastern Orthodox Church is organised into ...
Page Contents. Western Christianity is one of two sub-divisions of Christianity ( Eastern Christianity being the other), composed of the Latin Church and Protestantism, together with their offshoots such as Independent Catholicism and Restorationism. The large majority of the world’s 2.3 billion Christians are Western Christians (about 2 ...
The Western Schism, also known as the Papal Schism, the Great Occidental Schism, or the Schism of 1378 ( Latin: Magnum schisma occidentale, Ecclesiae occidentalis schisma ), was a split within the Catholic Church lasting from 20 September 1378 to 11 November 1417 in which bishops residing in Rome and Avignon both claimed to be the true pope ...
Christianity in the Middle Ages covers the history of Christianity from the fall of the Western Roman Empire (c. 476). The end of the period is variously defined - depending on the context, events such as the conquest of Constantinople by the Ottoman Empire in 1453, Christopher Columbus 's first voyage to the Americas in 1492, or the Protestant Reformation in 1517 are sometimes used.
Hughes's 1857 novel Tom Brown's School Days did much to promote muscular Christianity throughout the English-speaking world. Muscular Christianity is a philosophical movement that originated in England in the mid-19th century, characterized by a belief in patriotic duty, discipline, self-sacrifice, masculinity, and the moral and physical beauty ...
