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  1. children: Charles Edward Stuart, Henry Benedict Stuart. James was born on June 10, 1688, to King James II of England and Ireland and VII of Scotland and his second wife, Mary of Modena, who were Catholics. Hence, he was raised according to staunch Catholic beliefs. There were widespread rumors about his birth.

  2. James Francis Edward Stuart lived from 10 June 1688 to 1 January 1766. He was the son of James VII/II and Mary of Modena, and in the Jacobite peerage was referred to as "Prince James" until he became James VIII/III of Great Britain on the death of his father on 16 September 1701. However, his father had been deposed in the Glorious Revolution ...

  3. Prince James Francis Edward Stuart. When Prince James Francis Edward Stuart was born on 10 June 1688, in Saint James's Palace, London, England, United Kingdom, his father, King James II e VII Stuart of England, Ireland and Scotland, was 54 and his mother, Maria Beatrice Anna Margherita Isabella d'Este, Mary of Modena Queen of England, was 29.

  4. James never returned to Scotland, instead heading an intrigue-ridden court in exile, and passed the baton to his son Prince Charles Edward Stuart (1720-1788). He died in Rome and is interred in St Peter's Basilica in the Vatican. Prince James Francis Edward Stuart, by E Gill (1725-28)

  5. Thought to be by the French portraitist François de Troy (1645-1730), this half-length portrait shows the young Catholic claimant to the English throne, Prince James Francis Edward Stuart, pointing towards a group of ships at sea. Commissioned in exile from the chateau Saint-Germain-en-Laye, outside Paris, this gesture alludes to James Jacobite title as the king over the water, and promises ...

  6. 1688 (mid June) The birth of James Francis Edward secured the succession but also meant that there was a very strong likelihood that Catholicism would return to Britain, something the majority of people did not want. Rumours spread that James Francis Edward was not James’s true son but had been smuggled into the birthing room.

  7. James was involved in an attempted Spanish invasion of Scotland in 1719, but the next (and last) serious Jacobite uprising was led by his son Charles Stuart (1720-1788) in 1745. Charles's defeat at Culloden in 1745 effectively ended Jacobite hopes for the restoration of the throne.