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Modern Scots is a sister language of Modern English, as the two diverged independently from the same source: Early Middle English (1100–1300). Scots is recognised as an indigenous language of Scotland by the Scottish government, a regional or minority language of Europe, and a vulnerable language by UNESCO.
The languages of Scotland belong predominantly to the Germanic and Celtic language families. The main language now spoken in Scotland is English, while Scots and Scottish Gaelic are minority languages. The dialect of English spoken in Scotland is referred to as Scottish English.
English is the main language spoken in Scotland today and has been the since the 18th Century. However, there are a wide range of different accents and dialects spoken across the country. From the largest cities right through to the smallest of our islands, differing accents can be found.
Modern Scots comprises the varieties of Scots traditionally spoken in Lowland Scotland and parts of Ulster, from 1700. Throughout its history, Modern Scots has been undergoing a process of language attrition, whereby successive generations of speakers have adopted more and more features from English, largely from the colloquial register.
What is Gaelic? The Gaelic language has been part of the Scottish consciousness for centuries - it's the ancient tongue of Scotland and is considered to be the founding language of the country. Gaelic, like English and Scots, belongs to the Indo-European language family. This is the most widespread language family in the world.
Key Takeaways. The Linguistic Heritage of Scotland. Scots Language: Origins and Evolution. Scottish Gaelic: A Celtic Tongue. Examining Language Features: From Scots Dialects to Gaelic Syntax. The Cultural Impact of Scottish Languages. Education and Revitalization: Safeguarding Scotland’s Linguistic Future.
Language scholars have not usually subdivided Modern Scots into periods, but given the differences between 18th and 21st century speech, and the various changes that have occurred over the past 300 years, we suggest the following useful subdivisions. Early Modern Scots AD 1700-1845.
