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Proto-Germanic (abbreviated PGmc; also called Common Germanic) is the reconstructed proto-language of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European languages. Proto-Germanic eventually developed from pre-Proto-Germanic into three Germanic branches during the fifth century BC to fifth century AD: West Germanic , East Germanic and North ...
Proto-Indo-European (PIE) is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Indo-European language family. No direct record of Proto-Indo-European exists; its proposed features have been derived by linguistic reconstruction from documented Indo-European languages.
Contents. Proto-Indo-European language. Learn about this topic in these articles: major reference. In Indo-European languages: The parent language: Proto-Indo-European. By comparing the recorded Indo-European languages, especially the most ancient ones, much of the parent language from which they are descended can be reconstructed.
Germanic languages. Derivation of Germanic languages from Proto-Germanic. Like every language spoken over a considerable geographic area, Proto-Germanic presumably consisted of a number of geographic varieties or dialects that over time developed in different ways into the different early and modern Germanic languages.
Definition of Proto-Germanic. Proto-Germanic (PGmc) is the reconstructed language from which the attested Germanic dialects developed; chief among these are Gothic (Go.) representing East Germanic, Old Norse (ON) representing North Germanic, and Old English (OE), Old Saxon (OS), and Old High German (OHG) representing West Germanic.
O protogermânico, também chamado de germânico comum[ 1][ nota 1] ou primitivo, [ 2] é a protolíngua ancestral comum hipotética de todas as línguas germânicas tais como o moderno inglês, holandês, alemão, dinamarquês, norueguês, islandês, feroês e sueco. Não existem textos sobreviventes no protogermânico, sendo assim, a língua foi reconstruída.
For example, what makes the Germanic languages a branch of Indo-European is that much of their structure and phonology can be stated in rules that apply to all of them. Many of their common features are presumed innovations that took place in Proto-Germanic, the source of all the Germanic languages.
