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The Kuomintang was a nationalist revolutionary party, which had been supported by the Soviet Union. It was organized on Leninism. The Kuomintang had several influences left upon its ideology by revolutionary thinking.
The Kuomintang (KMT), also referred to as the Guomindang (GMD), the Nationalist Party of China (NPC) or the Chinese Nationalist Party (CNP), is a major political party in the Republic of China, initially based on the Chinese mainland and then in Taiwan since 1949.
- Prelude
- First Phase
- Anti-Communist Purge and Second Phase
- Aftermath
- Further Reading
In the 1920s, the Beiyang government based in Beijing was internationally recognised as the legitimate Chinese government. Much of the country, however, was not under its control, being ruled by a patchwork of warlords. The Kuomintang (KMT), based in Guangzhou (Canton), aspired to be the party of national liberation. Since the conclusion of the Con...
Against Wu Peifu
Amidst heavy fighting along the border between KMT-held territory and that of the recently allied forces of the Fengtian and Zhili cliques, the nationalist government appointed Chiang Kai-shek commander-in-chief of the NRA on 5 June 1926. Chiang would accept this post in a ceremony on 9 July, which marked the formal start of the Northern Expedition, although military clashes had already been ongoing. The initial strategy for the KMT's northern advance against the Zhili warlords, which was lar...
Against Sun Chuanfang
With Wu Peifu's forces in retreat, the NRA directed itself toward Sun Chuanfang-controlled Jiangxi province, namely the city of Jiujiang and the provincial capital, Nanchang. Whilst Sun had been offered a non-aggression pact by the Guangzhou government, he was not willing to subordinate his administration to KMT rule. Consequently, whilst the siege in Wuchang was still ongoing, Chiang Kai-shek launched an attack across the Jiangxi border on 4 September. By 19 September, both Jiujiang and Nanc...
Shanghai–Nanjing offensive
Sun Chuanfang retreated to Nanjing in the aftermath of these setbacks. The Fengtian clique responded to Sun's plea for help by reinforcing Jiangsu and Anhui provinces, while increasing the number of troops in Henan in support of Wu Peifu. Two major Fengtian formations, the Shandong Army of Zhang Zongchang and the Zhili Army of Chu Yupu, crossed the Yangtze River in February 1927 to help Sun defend Nanjing and Shanghai. Following their victory in Zhejiang, Chiang Kai-shek ordered the launch of...
Internal conflict among the nationalists
As part of the First United Front, many members of the Chinese Communist Party had joined the KMT, and they exerted significant influence over its left-wing faction. Mikhail Borodin, the official liaison between the KMT and the Soviet government in Moscow, had spent years cultivating this alliance, while covertly encouraging CCP expansion. This Soviet-backed leftist wing of the KMT came to dominate the nationalist government in Wuhan, which increasingly directed its ire at NRA commander-in-ch...
Without Chiang Kai-shek
As the two sides attempted to reconcile their political differences, Sun Chuanfang's forces continued to bombard Nanjing from across the Yangtze. Sensing the NRA's continual disarray, Sun moved to try and recapture Shanghai, contrary to the wishes of NPA leader Zhang Zuolin. On 25 August, NPA landing parties were dispatched to cross the Yangtze at Longtan, near Nanjing. In the early morning of 26 August, thousands of Sun's troops crossed the river, rallying at the Longtan station of the Shang...
Regrouping and Jinan incident
With the frigid winter of northern China prohibiting any further advance, Chiang used the months following his reappointment to consolidate his control and restore the integrity of the Nanjing administration. On 18 February, Chiang was granted the title "Commander-in-Chief of the Northern Expeditionary Forces", whilst He Yingqin was made NRA chief-of-staff. The NRA was reorganised into four "collective armies". The First Collective Army was made up largely of the original NRA forces from Guan...
Following the capture of Beijing, Chiang and his administration moved quickly to reorganise the government for peacetime. In July, he and the leaders of the four collective armies met at Beijing to discuss the demobilisation and disarmament of the roughly 2.2 million troops that had come to be part of the NRA. Chiang desired to reduce the size of t...
Eastman, Lloyd E. (1986). The Nationalist Era in China, 1927–1949. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521385916.Koga, Yukiko (2016). Inheritance of Loss: China, Japan, and the Political Economy of Redemption After Empire. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226412139.Lary, Diana (2015). China's Civil War. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107054677.- Southern to northern China
Historical Map of East Asia and the Western Pacific (14 July 1927 - Birth of the Chinese Civil War: The Kuomintang had received most of its foreign support from the Soviet Union, which strengthened the Chinese Communist elements in the party.
25 de jun. de 2024 · It is also called Kuomintang, which means “National People’s Party,” and is abbreviated KMT. Who founded the Nationalist Party? The Nationalist Party was founded as a political party by Song Jiaoren in 1912.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
- The Nationalist Party is a political party that governed all or part of mainland China from 1928 to 1949. It subsequently ruled Taiwan under Chiang...
- The Nationalist Party was founded as a political party by Song Jiaoren in 1912. After Song’s assassination in 1913, Sun Yat-sen led the party throu...
- When it controlled mainland China, from 1928 through the late 1940s, the Nationalist Party’s program rested on Sun Yat-sen’s Three Principles of th...
24 de ago. de 2015 · This ruinous plague of drought and famine throughout the 1920s left much of rural China in crisis. Eventually, the communists were able to exploit this crisis by promising the Chinese peasant a better, more prosperous and fairer way of life.
Historical Map of East Asia and the Western Pacific (27 March 1927 - Northern Expedition: While the warlords fought over northern China, the Kuomintang had been building up its strength in the south under its new leader, Chiang Kaishek.
