Resultado da Busca
Anton Pannekoek (1873-1960) é um dos mais importantes autores marxistas do século 20. A sua importância, teórica e prática, se revela por intermédio de mais de 50 anos
6 de set. de 2020 · Pannekoek Archive. Anton Pannekoek. 1873–1960. Articles: 1902: Dietzgen’s Philosophical Works. 1906: The Propertied and the Propertyless. 1907: Socialism and Religion. 1907: The Social Democratic Party School in Berlin. 1908: Labor Movement and Socialism. 1908: Two Sorts of Reforms. 1909: The Destruction of Nature. 1909: The New Middle Class.
3 de jul. de 2020 · Anton Pannekoek - Lenin Filósofo. by. Anton Pannekoek. Publication date. 2019-08. Usage. Public Domain Mark 1.0. Topics. Pannekoek, Comunismo de Consejo, Comunismo, Proletariado, Revolución.
3 de set. de 2002 · Anton Pannekoek. 1890-1965. Cientista e teórico marxista holandês. Como cientista obteve reconhecimento internacional por seus trabalhos na área da astronomia. Como teórico, concebia o marxismo como a ciência aplicada aos problemas sociais e a humanização da ciência como um aspecto da humanização da sociedade.
- Introduction
- Two Sorts of Reforms
- The New Middle Class
- Marxist Theory and Revolutionary Tactics
- Class Struggle and Nation
- War Against War
- Socialisation
- Social Democracy and Communism
- A Life of Struggle — Farewell to Hermann Gorter
- The Personal Act
Anton Pannekoek’s life span coincided with what was almost the whole history of the modern labour movement; he experienced its rise as a movement of social protest, its transformation into a movement of social reform, and its eclipse as an independent class movement in the contemporary world. But Pannekoek also experienced its revolutionary potenti...
The question of the relationship between reform and revolution has played a preponderant role in all debates these last few years. We saw this at the congresses of Nuremberg and Toulouse. People seek to oppose reform to revolution. Intransigent comrades, always preoccupied with revolution, are accused of neglecting reform. Opposed to them is the co...
The middle class is the one which stands between the highest and the lowest strata of society. Above it is the class of great capitalists; below it the proletariat, the class of wage-workers. It constitutes the social group with medium incomes. Accordingly, it is not divided with equal sharpness from both of the other two classes. From the great ca...
1. Our Differences
For several years past, profound tactical disagreement has been developing on a succession of issues amongst those who had previously shared common ground as Marxists and together fought against Revisionism in the name of the radical tactic of class struggle. It first came into the open in 1910, in the debate between Kautsky and Luxemburg over the mass strike; then came the dissension over imperialism and the question of disarmament; and finally, with the conflict over the electoral deal made...
3. The Organisation
In our article in the Leipziger Volkszeitung, we maintained that Kautsky had without justification taken our emphasis on the essential importance of the spirit of organisation to mean that we consider the organisation itself unnecessary. What we had said was that irrespective of all assaults upon the external forms of association, the masses in which this spirit dwells will always regroup themselves in new organisations; and if, in contrast to the view he expressed at the Dresden party congre...
4. The Conquest of Power
For a refutation of Kautsky’s extraordinary remarks on the role of the state and the conquest of political power and for discussion of his tendency to see anarchists everywhere, we must refer the reader to the Leipziger Volkszeitungof 10 September. Here we will add only a few comments to clarify our differences. The question as to how the proletariat gains the fundamental democratic rights which, once its socialist class consciousness is sufficiently developed, endow it with political hegemon...
Introduction
Not being Austrian, perhaps I should apologize for writing on the national question. If it were a purely Austrian issue, anyone who is not intimately acquainted with the practical situation and who is not obliged to be acquainted with it through everyday practice would not get involved in examining it. But this question is acquiring increasing importance for other countries as well. And thanks to the writings of the Austrian theoreticians, and especially to Otto Bauer’s valuable work, The Que...
The Bourgeois Conception and the Socialist Conception
Socialism is a new scientific conception of the human world which is fundamentally distinct from all bourgeois conceptions. The bourgeois manner of representing things considers the different formations and institutions of the human world either as products of nature, praising or condemning them depending on whether or not they contradict or conform to “eternal human nature”, or as products of chance or arbitrary human decisions which can be altered at will by means of artificial violence. So...
The Nation as Community of Fate
Bauer most correctly defines the nation as “the totality of human beings bound together by a community of fate into a community of character” (p.117). This formula has frequently but mistakenly been attacked, since it is perfectly correct. The misunderstanding resides in the fact that similarity and community are always confused. Community of fate does not mean submission to an identical fate, but the shared experience of a single fate undergoing constant changes, in a continuous reciprocity....
I.
DURING the closing months of the year 1912 the war against war has dominated the thought and action of European Socialism. Geographical and historical conditions give to war an extremely important role in the social evolution of Europe. In America there exists one great political unit in which immigrants from all lands amalgamate into a single mass; therefore America offers the best conditions for a gigantic development of capitalism and the class struggle. But old Europe, with its hundreds o...
II.
The international policy of Socialism has not always been opposed to war. Marx and Engels repeatedly (in 1843 and 1853) urged the nations of western Europe to declare war against Russia in opposition to the liberal wing of the bourgeoisie. In this Marx and Engels represented the interests of the working-class and of democracy. Throughout the nineteenth century Russia was the protector of the reactionary governments against the revolutionary peoples. So long as Russia maintained its position i...
III. The Congress of Basel
The Congress of Basel was a demonstration of the proletarian opposition to war, but such a demonstration cannot prevent war. As was said by Vaillant, the veteran of the Commune, “The international congress has finished its work; but the real struggle has just begun.” What will be the plan of campaign of this battle? What weapons will be used? In what manner can the workers of the world prevent a war? These questions were not answered at Basel. As at Stuttgart, it was definitely declared that...
I During the first months that followed the German Revolution of November, 1918, there arose a cry of “Socialisation.” It was the expression of the will of the masses to-give to the revolution a social meaning, and not to let it stop at reshuffling of persons, or at a simple transformation of the political system. Kautsky warned the public against ...
1 The Road Followed by the Workers Movement
The world war brought not just a violent revolution in all economic and political relations; it also completely transformed socialism. Those who grew up with German social democracy and participated in its ranks in the workers class struggle, will by confused by all its new features, and will ask themselves if everything they had learned and accomplished until now was false, and if they must therefore learn and follow the new theories. The answer is: it was not false, but incomplete. Socialis...
2 Class Struggle and Socialization
During its best days, social democracy established as its principle the class struggle against the bourgeoisie, and as its goal, the realization of socialism as soon as it could conquer political power. Now that social democracy has abandoned that principle and that goal, both of them have been taken up again by communism. When the war broke out, social democracy abandoned the fight against the bourgeoisie. Kautsky asserted that the class struggle was only applicable to peacetime, while durin...
3 Mass Action and Revolution
Even before the war the difference between social democracy and communism was already evident, although not under that name. This difference involved the tactics of the struggle. Under the name of “left radicals”, an opposition arose at that time within social democracy (from which the predecessors of today’s communists emerged), which defended mass action against the “radicals” and the revisionists. In this dispute it became clear that the radical spokesmen, especially Kautsky, defended a po...
In the person of Hermann Gorter, the revolutionary proletariat has just lost one of its most faithful friends and one of its most notable comrades in arms. He figured among the greatest experts in Marxist theory and was one of the very few who, through conflicts and splits, remained invariably devoted to revolutionary communism. Gorter was born on ...
The burning of the Reichstag by Van Der Lubbe, reveals the most divergent positions. In the organs of the communist left such as (Spartacus, De Radencommunist), the burning is approved as an act of a communist revolutionary. To approve and applaud such an act means advocating its repetition. Hence it is necessarily good to fully appreciate its usef...
O PAPEL DO FASCISMO1 Anton Pannekoek* Publicado em International Council Correspondence, vol. 2, no. 8. julho de 1936. I A principal característica do fascismo é a de organizar o pequeno capitalista e a classe média com sua visão mesquinha dos negócios privados, em uma organização de massa, forte o suficiente para controlar e vencer as ...
28 de abr. de 2020 · Anton Pannekoek (1873-1960) é um dos mais importantes autores marxistas do século 20. A sua importância se revela por intermédio de mais de meio século de trabalho intelectual e prática política coerente ao projeto revolucionário que tanto contribuiu para desenvolver.
